Effect of printing layer thickness on water absorption and mechanical properties of 3D-printed wood/PLA composite materials

Ayrılmış, Nadir; Kariž, Mirko; Kwon, Jin Kyung; Kuzman, Manja Kitek

doi:10.1007/s00170-019-03299-9

Cited by 193 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) has advantages over traditional technologies of reducing product development times and free fabricating complex-shaped parts [27]. FDM is currently one of the most popular Additive Manufacture (AM) techniques, due to its low cost and easy operation, along with its wide application in bio (polymer) and recent biocomposites [28], including PLA/wood composites [25,29], PLA/kraft pine lignin [26], PLA/jute and flax strands [30], PLA/basalt composites [31], etc. Even though, FDM of polymer/natural-fibers composites was rarely reported in the literature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fused Deposition Modeling of Poly (Lactic Acid)/Walnut Shell Biocomposite Filaments—Surface Treatment and Properties

Song

Yang

et al. 2019

Applied Sciences

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This paper presents the study of the properties of objects that were fabricated with fused deposition modeling technology while using Poly (lactic acid)/Walnut shell powder (PLA/WSP) biocomposite filaments. The WSP was treated while using NaOH followed by silane. The infrared spectrum of treated and untreated WSP was characterized. The result was that thermal and mechanical properties could be improved by adjusting the concentration of silane. The experimental results showed: the surface compatibility between WSP and PLA was dramatically improved through treatment with KH550. The crystalline, thermal gravity, and thermal degradation temperatures of biocomposite with untreated WSP were improved from 1.46%, 60.3 °C, and 239.87 °C to 2.84%, 61.3 °C, and 276.37 °C for the biocomposites with treated WSP, respectively. The tensile, flexural, and compressive strengths of biocomposites were raised each by 8.07%, 14.66%, and 23.32%. With the determined silane concentration, PLA/10–15 wt.% treated WSP biocomposites were processed and tested. The results showed that the tensile strength was improved to 56.2 MPa, which is very near to that of pure PLA. Finally, the porous scaffolds with controllable porosity and pore size were manufactured.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fused Deposition Modeling of Poly (Lactic Acid)/Walnut Shell Biocomposite Filaments—Surface Treatment and Properties

Song

Yang

et al. 2019

Applied Sciences

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“…The result of contact angles testified that the addition of hydrophilic glucose was able to improve the hydrophilicity of PLA blends because the glucose groups were mainly located on the sc-PLAG surface due to the amphiphilicity of glucose residues and lactic units, which was consistent with SEM and TEM results. To further explore the influence of stereocomplex and hydrophilic glucose groups on the water absorption performance of PLA materials [45], we tested and calculated the water absorption ratios of samples, and the results are listed in Table 5. Table 5 shows the water absorption ratios of PLLA, PDLAG, and sc-PLAG with different glucose contents in feeding.…”

Section: Hydrophilic Analysis Of Sc-plagmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The water absorption ratio sc-PLAG-2% reached to the maximum, other than sc-PLAG-4% and sc-PLAG-5%, indicating that the water retention property of sc-PLAG did not merely depend on glucose contents in feeding. The water absorption ratios of sc-PLAG samples demonstrated that the addition of glucose significantly improved the To further explore the influence of stereocomplex and hydrophilic glucose groups on the water absorption performance of PLA materials [45], we tested and calculated the water absorption ratios of samples, and the results are listed in Table 5. Table 5.…”

Section: Hydrophilic Analysis Of Sc-plagmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Properties of Stereocomplex of Poly(lactic acid) and Its Amphiphilic Copolymers Containing Glucose Groups

Zhu

Cao

et al. 2020

Polymers

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The stereocomplex of poly(lactic acid) containing glucose groups (sc-PLAG) was prepared by solution blending from equal amounts of poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) and poly(d-lactic acid-co-glucose) (PDLAG), which were synthesized from l- and d-lactic acid and glucose by melt polycondensation. The methods, including 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), polarizing microscope (POM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and contact angle were used to determine the effects of the stereocomplexation of enantiomeric poly(lactic acid) (PLA) units, the amphiphilicity due to glucose residues and lactic acid units, and the interaction of glucose residues with lactic units on the crystallization performance, hydrophilicity, thermal stability, and morphology of samples. The results showed PDLAG was multi-armed, and partial OH groups of glucose residues in PDLAG might remain unreacted. The molecular weight (Mw), dispersity (Ɖ), and glucose proportion in the chain of PDLAG thereby had significant effects on sc-PLAG. There were the stereocomplexation of enantiomeric lactic units and the amphiphilic self-assembly of PDLAG in sc-PLAG, which resulted in glucose groups mainly in the surface phase and lactic units in the bulk phase. The sc-PLAG only possessed the stereocomplex crystal owing to the interaction between nearly equimolar of l-lactic units of PLLA and d-lactic units of PDLAG, and had no homo-crystallites of l- or d-lactic units, which improved the melting temperature (Tm) of sc-PLAG about 50 °C higher than that of PLLA. Glucose groups in sc-PLAG played an important role by forming heterogeneous nucleation, promoting amphiphilic self-assembly, and affecting the ordered arrangement of lactic units. The glass transition temperature (Tg), the melting temperature (Tm), crystallinity, crystallization rate, and water absorption of sc-PLAG showed similar changes with the increased glucose content in feeding. All these parameters increased at first, and the maximum appeared as glucose content in feeding about 2%, such as the maximum crystallinity of 48.8% and the maximum water absorption ratio being 11.7%. When glucose content in feeding continued increasing, all these performances showed a downward trend due to the decrease of arrangement regularity of lactic acid chains caused by glucose groups. Moreover, the contact angle of sc-PLAG decreased gradually with the increased glucose content in feeding to obtain the minimum 77.5° as the glucose content in feeding being 5%, while that of PLLA was 85.0°. The sc-PLAG possessed a regular microsphere structure, and its microspheres with a diameter of about 200 nm could be observed. In conclusion, sc-PLAG containing proper glucose amount could effectively enhance the crystallinity, hydrophilicity, and thermal stability of PLA material, which is useful for drug delivery, a scaffold for tissue engineering, and other applications of biomedicine.

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“…Wood/PLA, Carbon/PLA, Metal/PLA, etc., [1][2][3][4][5]. Each filament is used depends upon the type of applications area.…”

Section: Revised Manuscript Received On December 5 2019mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of 3d Print Layer Orientation on Tensile Properties of Poly (Lactic Acid) Polymer

Ramalingam,

Mayandi,

Rajini

et al. 2019

IJEAT

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This work investigated the effect of print layer orientation on tensile properties of poly(lactic)acid (PLA) polymer. The size of PLA filament is used as 1.70mm diameter. The tensile specimen is modelled in solidworks software as per ISO-527 1BA standard dimensions for plastic materials and saved the data file as STL (Stereo Lithographic) format. The STL file is given as input to the 3D printing machine. The specimen is prepared in 45 degree positions, 90 degree positions and upright positions. The printed samples is tested in Instron universal testing machine. The maximum tensile stress is obtained in 45 degree positions based printed samples due to better load transfer along the printed layer of materials and minimum tensile stress is observed in upright samples due to poor load transformation along the materials. The print layer orientation of the materials is viewed in optical microscope analysis.

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Effect of printing layer thickness on water absorption and mechanical properties of 3D-printed wood/PLA composite materials

Cited by 193 publications

References 10 publications

Fused Deposition Modeling of Poly (Lactic Acid)/Walnut Shell Biocomposite Filaments—Surface Treatment and Properties

Fused Deposition Modeling of Poly (Lactic Acid)/Walnut Shell Biocomposite Filaments—Surface Treatment and Properties

Preparation and Properties of Stereocomplex of Poly(lactic acid) and Its Amphiphilic Copolymers Containing Glucose Groups

Effect of 3d Print Layer Orientation on Tensile Properties of Poly (Lactic Acid) Polymer

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