Effect of process variables on the calorific value and compressive strength of the briquettes made from high moisture Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB)

Helwani, Zuchra; Fatra, Warman; Arifin, L; Othman, Mohd Roslee; Syapsan,

doi:10.1088/1757-899x/345/1/012020

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…It can be realized that the lower water content and the volatile substances led to a greater calorific value, dealing with the previous report [44]. As considered, the densification process increased the calorific value of palm charcoal by 1.2-29.4% [42,45], however, the densification process increased the water content, the impact because of the crude glycerol still containing water substances, by 2-3% wt [46]. Meanwhile, ash levels and volatile substances decreased while the heating value increased [44].…”

Section: Raw Materials and Product Characterizationsupporting

confidence: 60%

“…Firstly, the palm stems were divided into pieces and cleaned to remove any dirt on the surface. Then, those palm stems were carbonized in a furnace (Chemical Engineering Workshop of Bandung Insitute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia) at 400 • C for 2 h, as it reported previously [42]. Furthermore, those charcoal particles prepared from palm oil stems were classified into three groups, and each group was sieved using a mesh size of 60, 80, and 100, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Each charcoal powder was mixed with crude glycerol by-product biodiesel with a weight ratio of 60:40, 70:30, and 80:20 wt resulting in suspension products with different matrix ratios. The briquette molding was constructed by using a hydraulic press with a variation pressure of 100, 110, and 120 kg/cm 2 and a pressure time of 10 s [42]. The tools were made by the Energy Conversion Laboratory at Universitas Riau.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alternative Briquette Material Made from Palm Stem Biomass Mediated by Glycerol Crude of Biodiesel Byproducts as a Natural Adhesive

et al. 2020

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Recently, the global population has increased sharply, unfortunately, the availability of fossil fuel resources has significantly decreased. This phenomenon has become an attractive issue for many researchers in the world so that various studies in the context of finding renewable energy are developing continuously. Relating to this challenge, this research has been part of scientific work in the context of preparing an energy briquette employing palm oil stems and glycerol crude of biodiesel byproducts as inexpensive and green materials easily found in the Riau province, Indonesia. Technically, the palm oil stems are used for the production of charcoal particles and the glycerol crude as an adhesive compound in the production of energy briquettes. The heating value of palm oil stem is 17,180 kJ/kg, which can be increased to an even higher value through a carbonization process followed by a densification process so that it can be used as a potential matrix to produce energy briquettes. In detail, this study was designed to find out several parameters including the effect of sieve sizes consisting of 60, 80, and 100 mesh, respectively, which are used for the preparation of charcoal particles as the main matrix for the manufacture of the briquettes; the effect of charcoal-adhesive ratios (wt) of 60:40, 70:30, and 80:20; and the effect of varied pressures of 100, 110, and 120 kg/cm2 on the briquette quality. The quality of the obtained briquettes is analyzed through the observation of important properties which involve the heating value and the compressive strength using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The results showed that the produced briquettes had an optimum heating value of 30,670 kJ/kg, while their loaded charcoal particles resulted from the mesh sieve of 80, in which there was a charcoal loading of 53 g and it pressed at 93.1821 bar, whereas, the compressive strength value of the briquette was 100,608 kg/cm2, which loaded charcoal particles from the mesh sieve of 100, the charcoal-adhesive ratio of 53:47 (wt) and the pressure of 93.1821 bar.

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Section: Raw Materials and Product Characterizationsupporting

confidence: 60%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Alternative Briquette Material Made from Palm Stem Biomass Mediated by Glycerol Crude of Biodiesel Byproducts as a Natural Adhesive

et al. 2020

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“…The authors concluded that the quality of the prepared briquette is superior to commercially available charcoal. Helwani et al used empty fruit bunches to prepare briquettes using crude glycerol as the binder. They a used manual hydraulic press operated at the pressures of 100, 110, and 120 bar.…”

Section: Briquette Materials and Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomass Briquettes as an Alternative Fuel: A Comprehensive Review

2019

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Effectively utilizing agro residues, when abundantly available, can help energy conservation efforts and increase farmers’ incomes. This article highlights the effective utilization of agro and industrial biomass residues in the form of briquettes. The various types of feedstock used and the technologies adopted in the briquetting process are discussed. Process parameters and feedstock variables influencing briquetting are described. Combustion studies undertaken using briquettes are comprehensively detailed. This literature review reveals that the combustion characteristics of briquettes not only depend on the type of the feedstock but also on the density, moisture content, binder percentage, and method used for briquetting. Higher ash content lowers the calorific value. The ash formed during combustion causes slagging and fouling which in turn lead to corrosion. It is concluded that biomass briquettes can meet the energy demands for cooking and heating needs, especially in rural areas where abundant biomass feedstock is available. It is recommended that research focuses more on investigating emissions along with the combustion of briquettes manufactured from different origins.

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“…Indonesia, as an agriculture country, has abundant stock of agriculture products which can be used as one of the renewable energy sources, for example biomass. From about 50,000 megawatts, there are only 320 megawatts of biomass energy that have been used; it is just about 0.64 % from the total biomass that Indonesia [1].Energy from biomass is considered an ideal renewable energy source since it has some benefits such as lower sulfur, CO neutral emission, and abundantly available in the form of agriculture product wastes. Therefore, this renewable energy has been well-known as one of the potential alternative energies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of heating temperature on quality of bio-briquette empty fruit bunch fiber

Handra

Kasim

Gunawarman

et al. 2020

IJAAS

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Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB) are one of the palm oil industry wastes, which are quite plentiful and currently unused optimally. Biomass is one of the renewable energy resources which has important roles in the world. The bio-briquettes are manufactured through densification of waste biomass by implementing certain processes. This research aimed to obtain variations in the mold temperature at 150 ºC, 200 ºC, and 250 ºC to the calorific value and toughness of the briquette material. The toughness was tested using ASTM D 440-86 R02 standard. Arduino program was used for setting the heating resistance time of the mold, which was 20 minutes and the thermal controller was used to adjust the temperature variation. The average mold pressure was 58 Psi. The highest heating value was obtained at a mold temperature of 250 ºC with a value of 5256 cal/g, and the lowest was resulted at a temperature of 150 ºC (4117 cal/g). Meanwhile, the briquette toughness test at 200 ºC mold temperature indicated good data results in which the average loss of fiber particles was only 4.17 %, this was because the adhesion between particles by lignin and cellulose in the fiber functions optimally at this temperature so that the resistance of briquettes went through minor damage.

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Effect of process variables on the calorific value and compressive strength of the briquettes made from high moisture Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB)

Cited by 10 publications

References 4 publications

Alternative Briquette Material Made from Palm Stem Biomass Mediated by Glycerol Crude of Biodiesel Byproducts as a Natural Adhesive

Alternative Briquette Material Made from Palm Stem Biomass Mediated by Glycerol Crude of Biodiesel Byproducts as a Natural Adhesive

Biomass Briquettes as an Alternative Fuel: A Comprehensive Review

Effect of heating temperature on quality of bio-briquette empty fruit bunch fiber

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