Effect of prophylactic gabapentin on post operative nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a randomized controlled trial

Abstract

In medical literature, studies are divided into two categories; experimental and observational settings. Experimental studies, entitled randomized controlled trials could test the relationship between exposure and outcome experimentally via control group and random allocation. Observational settings include either analytical or descriptive studies. Descriptive studies consist of case reports and case series that are helpful in present the experience of a case or a series of cases with similar diagnoses in detail which results in hypothesis generation. Cross-sectional studies, as analytical designs, are not capable to survey the temporality of exposure and outcome as simultaneously exposure and outcome status are measured. In case-control studies, subjects follow back from outcome to exposure. The rare diseases are recommended to study using case-control setting to save expenses and time. Both exposure measurement and patient selection is before disease detection in cohort studies. Therefore, they are inefficient for rare diseases or diseases with long latency. Cohort studies are time consuming with high cost and loss to follow-up. This paper elaborately reviews the features, advantages, and disadvantages of different types of observational and experimental studies.

A systematic review and meta‐regression analysis of prophylactic gabapentin for postoperative pain

“…Figure and Table detail the 133 trials we included in the review, with our categorisation of risks of bias in Fig. . We excluded one duplicate trial , three trials that were unavailable as full text , five trials that did not use a placebo , one trial that used combination therapy and two uncontrolled trials .…”

Effect of oral gabapentin premedication on hemodynamic parameters and postoperative pain in patients of laparoscopic cholecystectomy

“…[ 18 ] concluded that a single dose of oral gabapentin 600 mg 2 h before surgery, whereas Soroosh et al . [ 19 ] reported that 600 mg gabapentin given 2 h before surgery and 6 h after surgery significantly decreases the incidence of PONV and the requirement for postoperative antiemetic treatment following laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Majority of patients of group GB had sedation score 2 and they all were arousable, whereas in placebo group majority of patients had sedation score 1.…”

“…Gabapentin has been used effectively for reduction of pain, nausea, and vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy in various clinical trials. [ 14 15 16 17 18 19 ]…”