Effect of raw materials on the performance of 3D printing geopolymer: A review

Let’s Print an Ecology in 3D (and 4D)

“…lated to modelling approaches [16,[18][19][20] and developing new methods [21][22][23][24][25]; (2) related to environment such as smart farming and agriculture, including agriculture 4.0 [26], and the environmental impacts of additive manufacturing, including life-cycle assessment [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43]; and (3) new printed materials for different industries and their physical, chemical, and mechanical properties [17,[44][45][46][47][48][49], including those materials with natural (organic) origins [50][51][52][53] and waste origins [54]. Overall, each group of topics concerning 3D printing in an ecological context has the potential to contribute to a more sustainable manufacturing industry by reducing material and energy use and carbon emissions [6,[55][56][57]; conserving resources [7,58,...…”

“…Many other scientists and researchers, such as Hod Lipson, Neil Gershenfeld, Terry Wohlers, Elaine Cohen, and Jean-Claude André, have also made significant contributions, advancing various aspects of 3D printing through their work on specific mathematical modelling techniques. Some current applications involve characterizing the shear thinning behavior of inks by quantifying the degree of shear thinning and using mathematical models to predict the window of printer operating parameters within which Overall, each group of topics concerning 3D printing in an ecological context has the potential to contribute to a more sustainable manufacturing industry by reducing material and energy use and carbon emissions [6,[55][56][57]; conserving resources [7,58,59], repairing and upcycling [56,[60][61][62] and reducing waste generation [63][64][65][66]; facilitating the selection of eco-friendly materials [67][68][69][70][71]; and enabling decentralized and customized production processes [72][73][74], thus contributing to holistic assessments of environmental impacts. In the group of publications related to modelling, there is a significant emphasis on understanding printing conditions and the properties of various printed materials.…”