“…Researchers have published studies on RCA concrete with the initial moisture state of RCA in the oven dry [10], air dry [11], prewetted (soaked for 10 min) [12][13][14], partially saturated [15,16], fully saturated [17,18], or otherwise described as ''presoaked'' conditions without further details [19][20][21]. Etxeberria et al [15] cautioned that fully saturated RCA may result in the failure of the new interfacial transition zone (ITZ) between the new cement paste and the RCA.…”