Effect of reducing agents on co-precipitation synthesis of titanium dioxide/reduced graphene oxide composite materials for upgrading the performance of dye-sensitized solar cells

Evaluation of sol-gel and solvothermal method on titanium dioxide and reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite

“…Additionally, the peaks at 140 cm -1 , 391 cm -1 , 513 cm -1 , and 639 cm -1 can be clearly identified, corresponding to the Raman modes of Eg, B1g, A1g, and Eg, respectively, characteristic of TiO2 [4,15,17]. Finally, in the spectra of TiO2@rGO-ST and TiO2@rGO-SG, the same bands attributed to the TiO2 and rGO nanomaterials are found, indicating their presence in the nanocomposites.…”

“…Finally, in the spectra of TiO2@rGO-ST and TiO2@rGO-SG, the same bands attributed to the TiO2 and rGO nanomaterials are found, indicating their presence in the nanocomposites. Compared to the peaks of TiO2 and rGO, these bands present a slight shift that indicates chemical interaction between the precursor's nanomaterials [15].…”

“…It is evident through the spectra of TiO2@rGO-ST and TiO2@rGO-SG that, although the bands of the GO and TiO2 nanomaterials are maintained, the peaks associated with the oxygenated groups of GO decreased drastically, indicating a correct reduction of the GO using solvothermal and in-situ sol-gel methods [10,14,15]. Likewise, it is important to mention a decrease in the band's intensity at 1620 cm -1 , pointing out a lower concentration of aromatic rings in the nanocomposites, mostly in TiO2@rGO-ST. Additionally, it can be seen by the rectangle marked in Figure 1 where the peak at 581 cm -1 associated with the Ti-O-Ti bond presents a widening and a slight shift of the mean position from 581 cm -1 to 650 cm -1 , suggesting the formation of Ti-O-C bonds.…”

“…Likewise, it is important to mention a decrease in the band's intensity at 1620 cm -1 , pointing out a lower concentration of aromatic rings in the nanocomposites, mostly in TiO2@rGO-ST. Additionally, it can be seen by the rectangle marked in Figure 1 where the peak at 581 cm -1 associated with the Ti-O-Ti bond presents a widening and a slight shift of the mean position from 581 cm -1 to 650 cm -1 , suggesting the formation of Ti-O-C bonds. This phenomenon may be due to an interaction between the residual oxygenated groups of GO and the hydroxyl groups on the surface of the TiO2 nanoparticles, generating chemically linked nanocomposites [15,16].…”

Physically Exfoliating 2D Materials: A Versatile Combination of Different Materials into a Layered Structure

“…These beneficial properties of 2D materials have enabled their use in a variety of applications. Furthermore, ongoing research endeavors have expanded the scope by aiming to create novel types of 2D materials that consist of superconductors, , perovskites, , oxides, − and semiconducting dichalcogenides. , …”