Effect of repeated drying at different temperatures on soil organic matter decomposition and characteristics, and on the soil microflora

Jager, G.; Bruins, E.

doi:10.1016/0038-0717(75)90013-9

Cited by 81 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…However, in aggregates collected from field soils, wet-dry treatments have been found to reduce aggregation by 14 to 48% (Rovira and Greacen, 1957;Soulides and Allison, 1961;Utomo and Dexter, 1982;Willis, 1955). Other studies have noted that soils become completely structureless after 60 (Jager and Bruins, 1975) or 204 wetdry cycles (Birch and Friend, 1961). Aggregation may have declined partly as a result of aggregates slaking each time the soils were rapidly re-wet in these experiments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…Wet-dry cycles can increase the mineralization of organic C and N in soil (Birch and Friend, 1961;Jager and Bruins, 1975;Seneviratne and Wild, 1985;Sorensen, 1974). A proportion of the increase in mineralization can be attributed to the death of microorganisms upon soil drying (Van Gestel et al, 1991) or re-wetting (Kieft et al, 1987) but most of the increase in mineralization is due to increased availability of * Fax no: corresponding author: + 619380 1050 soil organic C (Van Gestel et al, 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An increase in drying temperature from 30°C to 85 °C increased the C:N ratio of organic C mineralized from 10.2 to 17. 8 (Jager and Bruins, 1975), suggesting that drying of soil at greater temperatures releases more resistant organic C. Drying temperature also effects the amount of organic C mineralized in re-wet soil. Increases in drying temperature from 18 to 25 °C (Seneviratne and Wild,1985) or from 30 to 80 °C (Jager and Bruins, 1975) have been found to increase subsequent mineralization in re-wet soil by 16-20% and 86%, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Repeated wet-dry cycles do not accelerate the mineralization of organic C involved in the macro-aggregation of a sandy loam soil

Degens

Sparling

1995

Plant Soil

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Repeated mild wet-dry cycles were imposed on a sandy loam to accelerate the mineralization of organic C involved in stabilising macro-aggregates. Soil maintained continually moist (control soil) was compared to that subjected to a series of 6 wet-dry cycles. Two patterns of rewetting and drying were investigated: (1) incubated dry at 25 °C for six days between each wet-dry cycle (dry-incubated), or (ii) incubated moist for six days at 25 °C between each cycle (moist-incubated). Changes in the proportion of >2 mm, 1-2 nun, 0.5-1 mm and 0.25-0.5 mm aggregates, and carbohydrate C extracted by hot-water or hot-1.5 M H2504, were measured after each wet-dry cycle, or weekly in the continuously moist control soil. Respiration rates (CO2 efflux) were measured during the incubation of the moist soil between the wet-dry cycles and compared with the continually-moist control soil.The wet-dry treatments did not increase soil respiration in soil after re-wetting compared to soil kept continually moist and incubated for the same period of time. Despite this, the treatments caused changes in the amounts of acid-and water-extractable carbohydrate C fractions and substantial changes in aggregation. Macro-aggregation and the proportion of soil in each fraction did not change in the soil maintained continuously-moist for 6 weeks (control). However, effects of the two wet-dry treatments on total macro-aggregation were similar to those in the >2 mm, 1-2 nun and 0.25-0.5 mm aggregate fractions: there was a rapid decline in aggregation by 48-65% over the first two cycles, a sharp recovery to 78-100% of the initial aggregation after three cycles, and a further decline after 4-6 cycles.The resistance of organic C mineralization to mild wet-dry cycles confirmed that the organic C in this soil is very stable and resistant to decomposition. Despite aggregates being disrupted, the organic C stabilising these aggregates was resistant to decomposition as determined by CO2 efflux. When soil was re-moistened and incubated to allow microbial re-colonization, aggregation was similar to that in the soil where microbial re-colonization was limited by rapid drying treatments. Short term changes in the aggregation of this soil appear to be dominated by chemical and/or physical processes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Repeated wet-dry cycles do not accelerate the mineralization of organic C involved in the macro-aggregation of a sandy loam soil

Degens

Sparling

1995

Plant Soil

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“…solani was grown on a malt-biotone medium (malt extract 15 g, special peptQne or microbiotone 2.5 g and 1 1 water for submerged cultures; 12 g agar was added to get a so]lid medium). The soil extract agar was described by Jager and Bruins (1975). Oxoid preparations were used.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperparasites of Rhizoctonia solani in Dutch potato fields

Jager

Hoopen

Velvis

1979

Netherlands Journal of Plant Pathology

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Gliocladium roseum was found to be the most common and probably the most effective mycoparasite in potato fields in the northern parts of the Netherlands. It is able to parasitize and kill living hyphae at temperatures of 12~ and higher. Sclerotia of R. solani are often infected and killed by this fungus under suitable conditions, i.e. at temperatures of 16 ~ and more. Killing of sclerotia by other antagonistic organisms was also observed. It is also shown by not parasitic fungi and is caused by toxins produced by the antagonist.The development of the G. roseum population was studied during the growth of a potato crop in two soils. In both soils its initial level was very low. In both a slightly acid sandy soil and a neutral sandy loam, suppression of R. solani can occur; G. roseum accumulated in the former mainly under continuous potato crops, Colletotrichum coccodes was the main antagonist in the latter.

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“…For example, Unger et al (2012) used δ 13 C to separate out the effects of soil moisture versus substrate availability in an oak woodland. In addition, management practice (mowing or tillage) (Steenwerth et al, 2010), vegetation type (Shi et al, 2011) and high soil temperatures (Jager and Bruins, 1975;Borken et al, 1999) could influence the magnitude of the response of soil CO 2 flux following rewetting of dry soils.…”

Section: Carbon Dioxidementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of soil rewetting and thawing on soil gas fluxes: a review of current literature and suggestions for future research

et al. 2012

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Abstract. The rewetting of dry soils and the thawing of frozen soils are short-term, transitional phenomena in terms of hydrology and the thermodynamics of soil systems. The impact of these short-term phenomena on larger scale ecosystem fluxes is increasingly recognized, and a growing number of studies show that these events affect fluxes of soil gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), ammonia (NH3) and nitric oxide (NO). Global climate models predict that future climatic change is likely to alter the frequency and intensity of drying-rewetting events and thawing of frozen soils. These future scenarios highlight the importance of understanding how rewetting and thawing will influence dynamics of these soil gases. This study summarizes findings using a new database containing 338 studies conducted from 1956 to 2011, and highlights open research questions. The database revealed conflicting results following rewetting and thawing in various terrestrial ecosystems and among soil gases, ranging from large increases in fluxes to non-significant changes. Studies reporting lower gas fluxes before rewetting tended to find higher post-rewetting fluxes for CO2, N2O and NO; in addition, increases in N2O flux following thawing were greater in warmer climate regions. We discuss possible mechanisms and controls that regulate flux responses, and recommend that a high temporal resolution of flux measurements is critical to capture rapid changes in gas fluxes after these soil perturbations. Finally, we propose that future studies should investigate the interactions between biological (i.e., microbial community and gas production) and physical (i.e., porosity, diffusivity, dissolution) changes in soil gas fluxes, apply techniques to capture rapid changes (i.e., automated measurements), and explore synergistic experimental and modelling approaches.

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Effect of repeated drying at different temperatures on soil organic matter decomposition and characteristics, and on the soil microflora

Cited by 81 publications

References 15 publications

Repeated wet-dry cycles do not accelerate the mineralization of organic C involved in the macro-aggregation of a sandy loam soil

Repeated wet-dry cycles do not accelerate the mineralization of organic C involved in the macro-aggregation of a sandy loam soil

Hyperparasites of Rhizoctonia solani in Dutch potato fields

Effects of soil rewetting and thawing on soil gas fluxes: a review of current literature and suggestions for future research

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