Effect of Salinity on the Egg Hatching and Early Larvae of Horseshoe Crab Tachypleus gigas (Muller, 1785) in Laboratory Culture

Kassim, Zaleha; Hazwani, I.; Hamidah, Hani; Kamaruzzam, B.Y.; Jalal, K. C. A.

doi:10.3923/jas.2011.2620.2626

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…gigas is known to occur in areas with lower salinities than our results show (15-26 PSU) (Cartwright-Taylor et al, 2011). However, T. gigas is not as tolerant to low salinities as C. rotundicauda (Chatterji, 1999), and it has been shown that salinities lower than 20 PSU prevent its eggs from hatching (Zaleha et al, 2011). Apart from salinity, the ecological tolerances of T. gigas found in this study are similar to those of C. rotundicauda, which reflect their overlapping distributions.…”

Section: Tachypleus Gigascontrasting

confidence: 47%

“…This is the case for Delaware Bay, New Jersey, USA, where sea levels have risen at a high rate during the twentieth century and hence decreased horseshoe crab breeding habitat (Loveland and Botton, 2015). Climate change would also affect ecological factors that influence the developmental success of horseshoe crab eggs and larvae, such as salinity and temperature (Jegla and Costlow, 1982;Laughlin, 1983;Ehlinger and Tankersley, 2004;Zaleha et al, 2011), oxygen levels (Palumbi and Johnson, 1982;Funch et al, 2016), beach geochemistry, wave energy, and erosion (Botton et al, 1988;Penn and Brockmann, 1994;Jackson et al, 2008). One of the species, C. rotundicauda, is found in habitats characterized by mangroves, which are also vulnerable to the effects of climate change, primarily rising sea levels (Gilman et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Present and Potential Future Distributions of Asian Horseshoe Crabs Determine Areas for Conservation

et al. 2018

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Conservation of horseshoe crabs has recently received increasing attention as several populations are in decline. However, scarce information on their distributions in Southeast Asia is impairing conservation efforts. In this study, we sought to improve our understanding of the geographical range and distinct populations of the three Asian horseshoe crabs species in order to identify optimal conservation areas. We mapped the geographic range of Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda, Tachypleus gigas, and T. tridentatus using recent data from field work, literature, Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), and unpublished data from our scientific network. The data were correlated with 23 different environmental variables of potential ecological importance for horseshoe crabs using the openModeller webservices, including new tidal variables. Ecological niche models were generated using two algorithms, Maximum Entropy and support vector machine, for the three species under present conditions, and projected into a climate change scenario of 2050. The niches of the Asian horseshoe crabs were mostly determined by tidal regime, chlorophyll A concentrations, depth, distance to land, and sea surface temperature. According to our predictions, horseshoe crabs in Southeast Asia are not expected to experience any severe change in extent and distribution of suitable habitat in the future. In order to conserve Asian horseshoe crabs, we suggest establishing Marine Protected Areas at locations where distinct populations and several species occur, such as northern Vietnam, China, Borneo, and southern Japan.

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Section: Tachypleus Gigascontrasting

confidence: 47%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Present and Potential Future Distributions of Asian Horseshoe Crabs Determine Areas for Conservation

et al. 2018

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“…This observation was well corresponded with in vitro studies on the salinity tolerance of conspecific species L.polyphemus (Shuster, 1982). In addition, Zaleha et al (2011) found that when eggs were incubated at temperature of 26-29 o C, they could hatch optimally at a wide range of salinity which is between 25 to 35 ppt. In contrast to other environmental parameters, dissolved oxygen level showed strong correlation with the number of nests at both the stations (P < 0.05).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spawning and Nesting Behaviour of Tachypleus gigas along the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia

Kassim¹,

John²,

Atika³

et al. 2012

IJB

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Present study was aimed to address the spawning and nesting behaviour of Malaysian horseshoe crab (Tachypleus gigas) in observed nesting grounds of East coast of Peninsular Malaysia during monsoonal period. Field sampling was carried out in every full and new moon days between September and December 2009 in Balok (Lat3°56.194' N, Long103°22.608' E) and Pekan (Lat3°36.181' N, Long103°23.946' E) nesting grounds. A total of 26 nests were found throughout the sampling period (Balok = 4 nests [~15%]; Pekan = 22 nests [~85%]) with higher percentage nesting was noted in November (N = 11 nests [~50%]) in Pekan. No nests were found in Balok station in all sampling months except during September (4 nests). It was also noted that the horseshoe crab preferred nesting during full moon time compared to new moon period. Mean depth × width of the T.gigas nests were 19.96±5.6×10.72±2.1cm. Number of eggs and larval counting in each nest were also recorded together with hydrographic and sedimentological parameters of the nesting grounds. This study clearly showed negative influence of monsoonal cycle on the nest preference and spawning behaviour of T.gigas. Long term monitoring studies would enable us to understand the number of shore reaching horseshoe crabs which is an essential source for the wild population.

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“…Brockmann, 2002). Also, their arrival to Balok beach (despite the anthropogenic disturbances) confirms this place as a choice and still supporting the environmental cues (Chabot & Watson, 2010), beach topography (Chatterji et al, 2008;Jackson & Nordstrom, 2009;Brockmann & Johnson, 2011), and sediment/water characteristics (Chatterji & Shaharom, 2009;Smith et al, 2011;Zaleha et al, 2011;John et al, 2012;Nelson et al, 2015) that necessary for T. gigas spawning. Therefore, appropriate conservation and management efforts would be able to retain not only this crab's population, but also its final spawning ground on the east coast of P. Malaysia.…”

Section: State-of-the-art On Tachypleus Gigas Population At Pantai Balokmentioning

confidence: 56%

Peer Review #3 of "The final spawning ground of Tachypleus gigas (Müller, 1785) on the east Peninsular Malaysia is at risk: a call for action (v0.1)"

2016

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Tanjung Selongor and Pantai Balok (State Pahang) are the only two places known for spawning activity of the Malaysian horseshoe crab-Tachypleus gigas (Müller, 1785) on the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia. While former beach has been disturbed by several anthropogenic activities that ultimately brought an end to the spawning activity of T. gigas , the status of the latter remained uncertain. In the present study, the spawning behavior of T. gigas at Pantai Balok (Sites I-III) was observed over a period of thirty six months, in three phases, between 2009 and 2013. Every year, the crab's nesting activity was found high duringSouthwest monsoon (May-September) followed by Northeast (November-March) and Inter monsoon (April and October) periods. In the meantime, the number of female T. gigas in 2009-2010 (Phase-1) was higher (38 crabs) than to 2010-2011 (Phase-2: 7 crabs) and 2012-2013 (Phase-3: 9 crabs) for which both increased overexploitation (for edible and fishmeal preparations) as well as anthropogenic disturbances in the vicinity (sand mining since 2009, land reclamation for wave breaker/parking lot constructions in 2011 and fishing jetty construction in 2013) are responsible. In this context, the physical infrastructure developments have altered the sediment close to nesting sites to be dominated by fine sand (2.5 Xφ) with moderatelywell sorted (0.6-0.7 σ φ), very-coarse skewed (-2.4 SK φ), and extremely leptokurtic (12.6 K φ) properties. Also, increased concentrations of Cadmium (from 4.2 to 13.6 mg kg-1) and Selenium (from 11.5 to 23.3 mg kg-1) in the sediment, and Sulphide (from 21 to 28 µg l-1) in the water were observed. In relation to the monsoonal changes affecting

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Effect of Salinity on the Egg Hatching and Early Larvae of Horseshoe Crab Tachypleus gigas (Muller, 1785) in Laboratory Culture

Cited by 15 publications

References 15 publications

Present and Potential Future Distributions of Asian Horseshoe Crabs Determine Areas for Conservation

Present and Potential Future Distributions of Asian Horseshoe Crabs Determine Areas for Conservation

Spawning and Nesting Behaviour of Tachypleus gigas along the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia

Peer Review #3 of "The final spawning ground of Tachypleus gigas (Müller, 1785) on the east Peninsular Malaysia is at risk: a call for action (v0.1)"

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