Effect of sample thickness on the magnitude of optoacoustic signals

Ultraviolet and light absorption spectrometry

“…1-(2-py ridy lazo )-2-napht hoi, Triton X-100 [562] salicylaldoxime (BuOH) [420; [505; 1.38 X 104] Chlorophosphonazo III [675] cinnamoylphenylhydroxylamine, phenylfluorone (CHC13) [502] 5,7-dibromo-8-hydroxyquinoline (CHC13) [403; [2][3][4][5][6] ppm] diphenylamine, KSCN (CHC13) [420] 2-(6-bromo-2-benzothiazolylazo)-4-methylphenol (CHC13) [620] 1hydroxy-1,2-diphenylthiourea [470; 1.6 X 104] 2-(5-nitro-2-pyridylazo)-l-naphthol, Triton X-100 [632; 7.4 X 104] phenylfluorone, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide pyridine [620; 1.04 X 10s] picolinealdehyde salicyloylhydrazone [375; 3.9 methylthymol blue, diphenylguanidine (BuOH) [597] thiobenzoy lace tone (C6H6) [390] Xylenol Orange, diphenylguanidine (BuOH) [590; 1.7 X 10s] isonitrosobenzoylacetone (C6H6) [415] monothiotrifluoroacetylacetone (n-hexane) [428; 6.3 [630] Pyrogallol Red, cetyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride (hexane-acetone) [480; 6.5 [365; 2.65 X 104] pyrocatechol, nitrilotriacetic acid [360,430] salicylic acid [430] tetraphenylarsonium or tetraphenylphosphonium ion, KSCN (CHCl,) [420; 0.1-1 ppm] /V-m-tolyl-p-methoxybenzohydroxamic acid (CHC13) [ IV-m-tolyl-zn-nitrobenzohydroxamic acid (CHCl,) [510] [575; 4.46 x 103] 3-methyl-l-phenyl-4-capryl-5-pyrazolone (BuOH) [470] steel picolinic acid (CHCl,) [385; Xylenol Orange [550; 0.1-0.5 ppm] 254 Xylenol Orange, gelatin [600; 7.50 x 104] 532 purity of hygroscopic or other difficult to purify spectrophotometric reagents can be used provided the metal-to-ligand ratio is known, the absorbance of the metal is negligible at the working wavelength, a limiting absorbance is reached with increasing metal concentration, and multistep complexation is absent (621).…”

“…The effects of general cell design (58,77), filler gas (144,309,632) and supporting membrane (261) used in the construction of detectors for photoacoustic spectrometers have been discussed. Also the effect of sample thickness of thin polymer films on the magnitude of optoacoustic detector signals has been studied (5). The availability of two new ultraviolet enhanced silicon p-i-n photodetectors has been announced (483).…”

“…2-pyridyl)-5,6-diphenyl-l,2,4-triazine, Na dodecyl sulfate natural water (isoamyl ale. )[555] thiocyanate, Triton X-100 [485;1.88 X 104] 2-thioxo-5-nitrosoperhydropyrimidine-4,6-dione Ga [650; 2.68 X 104] p-nitrophenylfluorone [560; 8.00 X 104] Pontachrome Azure Blue B, cetyltrimethy lammonium chloride [680; 0.08-0.6 ppm] Rhodamine B, thiothenoyltrifluoroacetone (C6H6) -2,3-d imethyl-5-pyrazolon-4-ylazopyrogallol [530; 1.15 X 104] phenylfluorone [525; 1.75 103] rocks and coke Pyrogallol, Brilliant Green (C6H6) [635; 1.1 X 10s]Ástrafloxin FF, bromide (C6H6) [570; 1.03 X 10s] Hg biacetyl bis(4-phenyl-3-thiosemicarbazone) [420;[3][4][5][6][7][8][9] ppm] 8-ethoxyl-l-aminophenothiazine [445;2.41 104] KCN, methylene blue (1,2-dichloroethane) [657; 9.02 X 104] 3-methyl-5-pyrazolone-4-dithiocarboxylic acid, nickel complex.In Indirect [470;1-3.5 ppm] l-(p-nitrophenyl)-3-(p-sodiosulfophenyl) triazine [420; 2.87 X 10"] 6,7-dihydroxy-2,4-diphenylbenzopyran, (CHC1,) [545; 6.2 X 104] KI, Na2S2G3, Janus Green B (C6H6)[645; 4.42 x 104] p-phenylenebis(2,3,7-trihydroxy-6-fluorone) H3BG3[535; 1.36 X 10s] salicyIideneamino-2-thiophenol, 1,10-phenanthyroline (CHC1,) red, diphenylguanidine (n-pentanol)[5 30; 3 X 104] p-dimethylaminobenzylidenerhodanine (CHC13) [540;3.3 X 104] La Chlorophosphonazo III, diphenylguanidinium chloride Lu [675; 1.6 X 10s] p-nitrophenylfluorene [540; 4.81 X 104] Mg pyrophyllite Thymolphthalexon [595; 0.1-7 ppm] Mn 1,2,7-trihydroxyanthraquinone [530; 3.5 X 103] water Binazine [420; 1.1 X 104] 537 2,7-bis(4-carboxybenzeneazo)-l,8-hy droxynaphthalene-3,6disulfonic acid, diethyldithiocarbamate (CHC1,) [720; 1.5 X 10s] ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, VOL. 52, NO.…”

A non-contact and online ink thickness sensor for printing machines using the photoacoustic effect

“…In brief, photoacoustics is the generation of acoustic waves by a substance due to the increase in temperature as a result of the nonradiative transition of electrons; these acoustic waves are then detected by using a microphone or a piezoelectric element. It is widely applicable to substance analysis [3], evaluation of physical properties of materials [4,5], depth profiling [6], thickness measurement [7][8][9], determination of the color of inks [10], trace-gas sensors [11], smoke particle detectors [12], plant monitors [13], in vivo measurement of human skin [14], etc. When analyzing solid specimens by employing the photoacoustic method, an ordinary closed photoacoustic cell [3] or a closed photoacoustic chamber is used.…”

Thermal characterization of ceramic tapes using photoacoustic effect

“…The PA technique has been made use of by many scientists for the measurement of thermal parameters of thin films and solid samples [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. Since the phase shift of the signal does not depend on the optical properties of the sample, it is simpler to extract information on the thermal diffusivity (TD) from the experimental results.…”