Effect of Sampling Conditions on the Composition of the Volatile Phase of Cigarette Smoke

Ceschini, P.; Cham, D.

doi:10.2478/cttr-2013-0345

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…10-20 µg. One study also demonstrated that the amount of acetaldehyde quantified in various puffs exhibited little dependence, if any, on the amount of TPM already trapped on the Cambridge filter (28). The rate of formation of MS smoke acetaldehyde was found to be independent of cigarette circumference (32).…”

Section: Acetaldehyde and Carbohydrate Chemistry And Smoke Chemistry:...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6, 10, 9, and 13 µg/ puff in puffs number two, four, six, and eight, respectively (27). Other studies demonstrated that acetaldehyde yields increase with puff number (28) as well as increase within the time-location of a single puff, i.e., from the beginning to end of puffs three, five, eight, and the last puff (29). Two studies published in 2001 reported new methodologies for puff-by-puff analysis (30,31) of MS smoke gas-phase constituents.…”

Section: Acetaldehyde and Carbohydrate Chemistry And Smoke Chemistry:...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acetaldehyde in Mainstream Tobacco Smoke: Formation and Occurrence in Smoke and Bioavailability in the Smoker

Seeman

Dixon

Haussmann

2002

Chem. Res. Toxicol.

117

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A review is presented of the scientific literature on the effects of sugars (mono- and disaccharides), when used as tobacco additives, on the formation of acetaldehyde in mainstream (MS) smoke and the potential bioavailablity of MS smoke acetaldehyde derived from sugars to the smoker. The experimental data supports the following conclusions. Sugars, e.g., D-glucose, D-fructose, and sucrose, do not produce greater yields of acetaldehyde in MS smoke than are produced from tobacco itself on a weight-for-weight basis. A variety of studies suggests that natural tobacco polysaccharides, including cellulose, are the primary precursors of acetaldehyde in MS smoke. In a number of different studies using commercial cigarette brands, MS smoke yields of acetaldehyde correlate (r > 0.9) with both MS smoke "tar" and carbon monoxide. MS smoke acetaldehyde yields are affected more by cigarette design characteristics that influence total smoke production, such as filter ventilation, filtration, and paper porosity, than by reducing sugars. MS smoke acetaldehyde deposits primarily in the upper respiratory tract, including the mouth, of the smoker. Acetaldehyde is rapidly metabolized by aldehyde dehydrogenase in the blood and elsewhere in the body, including at the blood-brain barrier. Tobacco sugar-derived MS smoke acetaldehyde from commercial cigarettes is unlikely to result in direct central nervous system effects on the smoker.

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Section: Acetaldehyde and Carbohydrate Chemistry And Smoke Chemistry:...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Acetaldehyde and Carbohydrate Chemistry And Smoke Chemistry:...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Acetaldehyde in Mainstream Tobacco Smoke: Formation and Occurrence in Smoke and Bioavailability in the Smoker

Seeman

Dixon

Haussmann

2002

Chem. Res. Toxicol.

117

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“…BAKER has pointed out that temperature, filter loading, flow rate, and moisture level on the Cambridge filter pad can affect the pad's properties (2). Limited and somewhat inconsistent data is available on these possible effects (49)(50)(51). It is not possible at this time to distinguish between the two cited possible mechanisms based on the available data.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Ability of the FTC Method to Quantify Nicotine as a Function of Ammonia in Mainstream Smoke

Callicutt

Cox

Farthing

et al. 2006

Beiträge Zur Tabakforschung International/Contributions to Tobacco Research

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Whether ammonia-forming ingredients added to tobacco and ammonia in smoke affect the ability of the Cambridge filter pad to trap nicotine in the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) method was examined. Three commercial cigarettes, two industry reference cigarettes, and four specially designed test cigarettes were used in this study to represent cigarettes with different construction and mainstream (MS) smoke yield characteristics. One of the commercial cigarettes, a US 1998 Marlboro Lights¯ King Size cigarette, was used as a control cigarette for the four experimental test cigarettes. The test cigarettes differed from the control cigarette as follows: first, a reduction in ammonia-forming ingredients added to the reconstituted tobaccos; second, no ammonia-forming ingredients added to the reconstituted tobacco; third, no ingredients at all added to the reconstituted tobaccos; and fourth, no ingredients at all added to the entire tobacco blend. An XAD-4 tube was placed downstream of the standard Cambridge filter pad in the FTC method to trap the gas-vapor phase nicotine for subsequent analysis. The Cambridge filter pad used in the FTC method was determined to provide greater than 99% trapping efficiency for MS smoke nicotine from cigarettes with widely different soluble ammonia levels in filler and MS smoke ammonia yields.

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“…A nu~ber of publications have reported the delivery of vanous tobacco smoke constituents as a function of puff number and/or cigarette butt length (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6). For deliveries reported on a per puff basis there is some theoretical justification for relating the logarithm of the delivery to the butt length and/or puff number at least for condensate (7), carbon monoxide (8) and low molecular weight constituents sudt as N 2, 0 2, H 1, CH4 and C02 (9,10).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study of Chemical Deliveries as a Function of Cigarette Butt Length

Young

Robinson²,

Rickert³

1981

Contributions to Tobacco &Amp; Nicotine Research

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It should be emphasized that the major conclusion of this paper is not that any particular parameter is linear on any particular scale, but that there are highly significant differences in slope, intercept and perhaps even linearity between brand groups and even brands within groups. In fact, although several brands do seem to be adequately linear on either arithmetic or logarithmic scales they very clearly do behave differently from each other. There is also quite strong evidence that condensate and nicotine are not linear on the same scale, with condensate being approximately linear on the logarithmic scale and nicotine approximately linear on the arithmetic scale. On the basis of the above it is quite clear that the ranking of brands on the basis of measured value of any parameter will depend strongly on the butt length at which the parameter was measured. It is therefore apparent that international comparison of deliveries requires redetermination of deliveries at the new butt length standard rather than mathematical manipulation using a single functional relationship. The form of a suitable functional relationship for HCN cannot be ascertained from the present study and will require additional experimentation. The statistical design and analysis proved worthwhile in model discrimination for the other three parameters.

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Effect of Sampling Conditions on the Composition of the Volatile Phase of Cigarette Smoke

Cited by 3 publications

References 1 publication

Acetaldehyde in Mainstream Tobacco Smoke: Formation and Occurrence in Smoke and Bioavailability in the Smoker

Acetaldehyde in Mainstream Tobacco Smoke: Formation and Occurrence in Smoke and Bioavailability in the Smoker

The Ability of the FTC Method to Quantify Nicotine as a Function of Ammonia in Mainstream Smoke

A Study of Chemical Deliveries as a Function of Cigarette Butt Length

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