Effect of Sediment from Two Sulphite-Bleaching Paper Mills on Winter Flounder ( Pleuronectes americanus ) Following Chronic Exposure

Khan, R. A.

doi:10.1007/s001289900456

Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

1997

DOI: 10.1007/s001289900456

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Effect of Sediment from Two Sulphite-Bleaching Paper Mills on Winter Flounder ( Pleuronectes americanus ) Following Chronic Exposure

R. A. Khan

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Cited by 5 publications

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How wild is the ocean? Assessing the intensity of anthropogenic marine activities in British Columbia, Canada

Ban

Alder

2007

Aquatic Conservation

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ABSTRACT1. The intensity of marine activities in the exclusive economic zone (EEZ) of British Columbia, Canada, was quantified.2. Humans use the ocean for a multitude of purposes, many of which have a direct impact on marine life and habitat. Yet such uses are seldom assessed in an integrated fashion.3. Using a GIS approach, spatial information for 39 marine activities was mapped, including commercial and recreational fishing areas, transportation and infrastructure uses, and terrestrial activities along the coast of British Columbia. 4. A relative scale was used to rank both the impact of marine activities and the extent of stressors beyond the location of occurrence. Limited information on the latter led to the application of three ranges of buffer distances to the data (0-1 km, 0-5 km, and 0-25 km).5. The most conservative estimate (41 km buffers) indicates at least 83% of the continental shelf and slope of British Columbia is currently being used by humans. The largest buffer assumption shows 98% of the continental shelf and slope being affected by stressors from anthropogenic activities.6. This analysis provides a baseline for assessing future changes in the state of British Columbia's marine environment, and could assist in identifying areas of conservation potential.

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How wild is the ocean? Assessing the intensity of anthropogenic marine activities in British Columbia, Canada

Ban

Alder

2007

Aquatic Conservation

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Measures of Resting Immune Function and Related Physiology in Juvenile Rainbow Trout Exposed to a Pulp Mill Effluent

Heuvel

O’Halloran

Ellis

et al. 2005

Arch Environ Contam Toxicol

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Juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were exposed to 0, 10, 30, and 70% (v/v) of a secondary-treated, integrated thermomechanical-bleached kraft pulp and paper mill effluent. The immunological parameters oxidative burst and phagocytosis of head kidney macrophages and total and differential circulating leukocytes were measured after 21 d of exposure. General parameters of stress and exposure including erythrocyte counts, numbers of degenerating erythrocytes, splenic pigmented macrophage aggregates (PMAs), spleen size, bile chemistry, and hepatic EROD activity were also assessed. Contrary to parallel chronic studies on the same effluent, EROD induction did not occur. Analyses of bile indicated uptake and accumulation of resin acids and some sterols. There was no measurable macrophage-related immunological dysfunction. However, circulating leukocytes, specifically lymphocytes, were reduced. The density of splenic PMAs increased over the exposure period, possibly in association with degenerating blood cells. There were statistical differences between staggered days of sampling in head kidney oxidative burst, white and mature red blood cell counts, and spleen size, indicating that relatively minor capture and handling stress could result in rapid changes in some parameters. Overall, it was concluded that the observed minor, indirect alterations in the immune response were likely the result predominantly of a nonspecific mechanism such as a cortisol-mediated stress response.

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Assessment of Stress-Related Bioindicators in Winter Flounder (Pleuronectes americanus) Exposed to Discharges from a Pulp and Paper Mill in Newfoundland: A 5-Year Field Study

Khan

2006

Arch Environ Contam Toxicol

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This study assessed the effects of discharges from a sulphite-bleaching paper mill on winter flounder (Pleuronectes americanus) sampled each spring over a 5-year period in St. George's Bay, Newfoundland, prior to foraging activity. The fish were captured by SCUBA divers near the mill and at a reference site 10 km up current. Several bioindicators were used to assess fish health. Larger and older flounder exhibiting gross and microscopic tissue lesions, lower condition factor, and elevated hepatosomatic index but lower gonadosomatic index that was associated with delayed development, were observed in samples caught near the mill compared to those at the reference site. Additionally, fish examined near the mill were infested with an ectoparasite, Cryptocotyle lingua, that causes black spot disease but harbored fewer numbers of a digene, Steringophorus furciger, in the digestive tract than samples taken at the reference site. These results suggest that abnormal size distribution, interruption of growth, high prevalence of lesions, lower condition factor, enlarged liver, delayed gonadal development, and differences in parasitic levels were indicative of stress in winter flounder caused by discharges from the mill compared to samples from a reference site. There was no evidence of a population decline in the inlet because of annual recruitment possibly from St. George's Bay into which it opens.

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Effect of Sediment from Two Sulphite-Bleaching Paper Mills on Winter Flounder ( Pleuronectes americanus ) Following Chronic Exposure

Cited by 5 publications

References 14 publications

How wild is the ocean? Assessing the intensity of anthropogenic marine activities in British Columbia, Canada

How wild is the ocean? Assessing the intensity of anthropogenic marine activities in British Columbia, Canada

Measures of Resting Immune Function and Related Physiology in Juvenile Rainbow Trout Exposed to a Pulp Mill Effluent

Assessment of Stress-Related Bioindicators in Winter Flounder (Pleuronectes americanus) Exposed to Discharges from a Pulp and Paper Mill in Newfoundland: A 5-Year Field Study

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