Effect of seed source and nursery culture on paper birch (Betula papyrifera) uprooting resistance and field performance

Campbell, Kirstin Anne; Hawkins, Chris

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2004.04.005

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Our results support the previous view that the seedling emergence rate of Betula is dependent on soil microsite conditions and soil surface conditions (Wang et al. ; Prévost ; Campbell & Hawkins ; Simard et al. ; Gastaldello et al.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Our results support the previous view that the seedling emergence rate of Betula is dependent on soil microsite conditions and soil surface conditions (Wang et al 1996;Pr evost 1997;Campbell & Hawkins 2004;Simard et al 2004b;Gastaldello et al 2007;Lorenzetti et al 2008). The results further suggest that the microenvironment in treefall gaps is beneficial for seed germination and storage.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…This phenomenon is documented in Table and has been identified in other studies (Zhu et al. ; Comeau & Heineman ; Campbell & Hawkins ; Baleshta et al. ; Silfver et al.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Betula seedlings generally suffer high mortality at early stages (Campbell & Hawkins 2004). There is little research into seedling survival rate in gap and non-gap sites.…”

Section: Seedling Establishment Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Field survey can help to explain the role of disturbance (tree-fall gaps) in birch forest regeneration, and a study on regeneration barriers can reveal the reason for the shortage of seedlings and saplings beneath canopies. In tree-fall gaps, natural regeneration largely depends on sexual propagation (Comeau & Heineman 2003;Campbell & Hawkins 2004;Lorenzetti et al 2008;Gasser et al 2010). Seeds and seedlings are the crucial stage in the life cycle of plants and tend to be highly unpredictable (Gorai & Neffati 2007;Kuznetsova et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of tree‐fall gaps in the natural regeneration of birch forests in the Taibai Mountains

Ren

Kadir

Yue

2014

Applied Vegetation Science

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Question In the Taibai Mountains, birch forests dominated by Betula albo‐sinensis and Betula utilis are considered unsustainable because there are few seedlings or saplings in the forests. Tree‐fall gaps play a central role in the natural regeneration of trees. In this study, seed germination and seedling emergence in gap and non‐gap plots were investigated to explore the role of tree‐fall gaps in the natural regeneration of birch forests. Location Taibai Mountains, Shaanxi Province, China. Methods A field survey was conducted to reveal the relationship between tree‐fall gaps and birch seedlings. Field and laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate seed germination and seedling establishment in gap and non‐gap plots. Results In the field survey, occurrence of birch seedlings was correlated with gap size, which confirms that tree‐fall gaps play a crucial role in the regeneration of birch forests. However, in the field experiment, seed germination was extremely low in both gap and non‐gap plots, and all seedlings died within 60 d in a seedling establishment test. The only difference between gap and non‐gap plots in the field experiment was that more seeds survived winter in the gap plots than in the non‐gap plots. The laboratory experiment helped us understand results of the field experiment. In the seed germination tests, Betula seeds germinated well in light treatments, but very few germinated in darkness, indicating that Betula seeds are photoblastic. No seeds germinated at 15/5 °C (day/night temperature regime), demonstrating the reason for lack of germination in the field experiment. The cover of forest litter reduced the seed germination rate. Seeds stored in dry conditions maintained high survival rates after long‐term storage at low temperature. However, the survival of imbibed seeds decreased with decreasing storage temperature. Conclusions Seed germination and seedling establishment of Betula require a dry and light environment. The main regeneration barriers to seed germination and seedling growth in the non‐gap plots are chilling injury and lack of light. Tree‐fall gaps are better habitats for Betula seed survival and seedling establishment. This indicates that regeneration of birch forest relies on disturbance.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…This phenomenon is documented in Table and has been identified in other studies (Zhu et al. ; Comeau & Heineman ; Campbell & Hawkins ; Baleshta et al. ; Silfver et al.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Betula seedlings generally suffer high mortality at early stages (Campbell & Hawkins 2004). There is little research into seedling survival rate in gap and non-gap sites.…”

Section: Seedling Establishment Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of tree‐fall gaps in the natural regeneration of birch forests in the Taibai Mountains

Ren

Kadir

Yue

2014

Applied Vegetation Science

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Propagation and cultivation practices of honeybush (Cyclopia spp.) for the sustainable production of an export quality indigenous South African tea

et al. 2022

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Honeybush (Cyclopia) species are endemic to the Fynbos Biome of the Cape Floral Kingdom in South Africa. Traditionally, honeybush foliage is cut, fermented, and sun-dried to make an antioxidant-rich herbal tea. Approximately 80% of honeybush is unsustainably harvested from the wild. All commercial species are indicated on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List of Threatened Species. Cultivation is thus required to ensure sufficient volumes of tea are produced. A major limitation to cultivation is the poor rooting responses of the species that regenerate from shoots, C. genistoides and C. intermedia, the latter being the most harvested from the wild. The establishment of clonally propagated material is a challenge for all six of the commercially important Cyclopia species. Research on honeybush has mainly focused on the unique properties contributing to flavor, medicinal value, as well as processing. Much less is known about propagation, nutrient requirements, harvesting procedures, plant improvement, and pest and disease management. This review considers management strategies for the sustainable harvesting of wild honeybush and the potential risks of introducing improved plant material. Cultivation practices and management strategies that promote longevity and enhance yield are defined. The inherent rooting ability of cuttings is discussed. Cultivated stands are mostly established by seedlings which results in diversity of vigor and tea quality. A sustainable market based on high-quality indigenous tea requires the use of clonal material which allows the selection of desired traits and rapid multiplication. Its use would enable improved yield and profitability without compromising tea quality.

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Nursery transplant practices determine seedling root quality of two subtropical eucalypts

Thomas¹,

Heagney²,

Harper³

2008

New Forests

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Effect of seed source and nursery culture on paper birch (Betula papyrifera) uprooting resistance and field performance

Cited by 9 publications

References 23 publications

The role of tree‐fall gaps in the natural regeneration of birch forests in the Taibai Mountains

The role of tree‐fall gaps in the natural regeneration of birch forests in the Taibai Mountains

Propagation and cultivation practices of honeybush (Cyclopia spp.) for the sustainable production of an export quality indigenous South African tea

Nursery transplant practices determine seedling root quality of two subtropical eucalypts

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