Effect of shadecards, shelterwoods, and clearcuts on temperature and moisture environments

Childs, S. W.; Flint, Lorraine E.

doi:10.1016/0378-1127(87)90161-7

Cited by 69 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Newly germinated seedlings, particularly those growing on soils prone to surface heating, may be killed as early in the year as April or May (Mfinch 1914;Isaac 1922Isaac , 1929Isaac , 1938Haig et al 1941;Schramm 1966). Larger nursery-grown seedlings are at risk in July, August, and September (Li 1926;Rudolf 1939;Haig et al 1941;Silen 1960;Adams et al 1966;Shearer 1967;Ryker and Potter 1970;Stathers 1983;Childs and Flint 1987). During this time, soil temperatures reach seasonal peaks and daytime radiation inputs exceed nightly losses .…”

Section: Climate and Weathermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Shading between 1100 and 1500 hours (solar time) was necessary to reduce maximum soil-surface temperatures (Hallin 1968). Shadecards placed to the south lower daytime peak heat loads, but have a minimal effect on seasonal loads (Childs et al 1985;Childs and Flint 1987). Reductions in peak temperatures are particularly important for seedling survival because of the accelerating rate of death of plant tissue with increasing temperature.…”

Section: Upright Shadementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In western North America, shelterwood regeneration systems prescribed to shade seedlings (Devlin 1985) reduce seasonal inputs of solar radiation (Childs et al 1985;Childs and Flint 1987;Hungerford and Babbitt 1987), decrease evaporative losses (Jemison 1934) and may increase water availability to seedlings during abnormally hot summers (Vanderwaal 1982). However, overstory trees may also compete for water (Bates 1926;Dunlap and Helms 1983;Hobbs and Owston 1985) and damage and kill understory seedlings when harvested (Tesch et al 1986a, b).…”

Section: Live Shadementioning

confidence: 99%

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Heat damage in tree seedlings and its prevention

Helgerson

1990

New Forest

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Application. Heat damage to natural and planted seedlings can be prevented by recognizing adverse conditions, identifying susceptible seedlings, and taking preventive measures, such as shading, planting resistant seedlings, and modifying the soil environment. Shade from live vegetation can prevent heat damage, but the associated competition may kill seedlings.Abstract. Tree seedlings start to suffer stem damage or tissue death when the temperature at the soil surface reaches approximately 52 *C. Seedling mortality rate accelerates as temperatures increase. Resistance to heat damage increases with size as the ability of a seedling to shade its base increase. Small newly germinated seedlings are at risk in late spring and early summer, while larger nursery-grown seedlings are at risk in mid to late summer, especially on soils with low heat capacity or conductivity, or with surfaces that are dry, dark colored or covered with organic matter. Heat damage to natural and planted seedlings usually occurs on flat or south-facing sites in regions with hot dry summers and clear skies, but can also occur in wetter regions under dry clear conditions. Shading only the basal portion of the stem appears to be as effective in preventing heat damage as shading the entire stem and some foliage, which can also reduce transpiration. Overhead shade and shade from live plants can reduce growth and survival.

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Section: Climate and Weathermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Upright Shadementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Live Shadementioning

confidence: 99%

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Heat damage in tree seedlings and its prevention

Helgerson

1990

New Forest

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“…Though not biologically active themselves, these legacies (i.e. stands of dead trees) can influence their local microclimates by altering light availability [3], mitigating wind exposure [65], and delaying soil drying [66,67]. The standing dead trees in our sample sites may provide more moderate microclimates for early seral plants by providing some measure of shade and by buffering wind.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Disturbance History on Ground-Layer Plant Community Composition in British Columbia

Ton

Krawchuk

2016

Forests

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Plant communities are sensitive to perturbations and may display alternative recovery pathways depending on disturbance history. In sub-boreal lodgepole pine forests of central interior British Columbia, Canada, fire and logging are two widespread landscape disturbances that overlap in many regions. We asked whether cumulative, short-interval disturbance from logging and fire resulted in different ground-layer plant communities than resulted from fire alone. Using field-collected data, we compared the taxonomic composition and functional traits of 3-year old plant communities that were either harvested 6-to-13 years prior, or not harvested prior to being burned in a large stand-replacing fire. The taxonomic composition diverged between the two treatments, driven primarily by differences in a few key indicator species such as Petasites frigidus and Vaccinium membranaceum. Analysis of individual species' morphological traits indicated that only a few species vary in size in relation to disturbance history. Our data suggest that a history of forest harvest leaves a subtle footprint on post-fire ground-layer plant communities at early stages of succession.

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“…1999). The nurse-crop effect of paper birch on understory conifer seedlings could result from a number of factors including: moderation of daytime temperatures, lowering of radiation frost prevalence, higher relative humidity and lower vapor pressure deficit, and less intense irradiance compared to open environments (Childs and Flint 1987;Man and Lieffers 1999). A reduction in damage from pests and root rot diseases has been reported for mixedwood stands compared to pure coniferous stands (Morrison et a!.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of overstory paper birch (Betula Papyrifera March) on physiology, growth, and biomass responses of under-planted conifer seedlings

Sherman¹

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This thesis tested whether two-and three-year old under-planted Abies /asiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. , Thuja plicata Donn ex. D. Don, Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca (Beissn.) Franco, andPicea glauca x P. engelmannii (Moench) Voss seedlings responded to changes in light quantity and spectral quality (measured by red to far-red ratios) under five densities of overstory paper birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.) on a site in the interior cedar hemlock (ICHmk2) subzone, about 80 km east of Williams Lake, British Columbia. The five B. papyrifera densities were 0 (clearcut), 400, 800, 1200 stems ha· 1 , and unthinned (> 10,000 stems ha-1 ). Generally, light quantity and red to far-red ratio increased three-fold in the clear-cut compared to the unthinned paper birch treatment. Conifer photosynthesis and percent foliar nitrogen was greater on the clear-cut compared to other paper birch densities. Total biomass was three-fold greater in the clear-cut grown seedlings of A. /asiocarpa, P. menziesii, and P. glauca x P. engelmannii, while for the most shade tolerant species, T plicata, the difference was two-fold. Similarly, relative growth rate increased for all species as birch density decreased. Results showed that A. lasiocarpa, P. menziesii, and P. glauca x P. engelmannii were more plastic in their photosynthetic and growth responses to increasing light compared to T plicata. Growth response to variation in light may be an important factor when deciding on appropriate densities of overstory paper birch for different under-planted conifer species.iii

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Effect of shadecards, shelterwoods, and clearcuts on temperature and moisture environments

Cited by 69 publications

References 6 publications

Heat damage in tree seedlings and its prevention

Heat damage in tree seedlings and its prevention

The Effects of Disturbance History on Ground-Layer Plant Community Composition in British Columbia

Effects of overstory paper birch (Betula Papyrifera March) on physiology, growth, and biomass responses of under-planted conifer seedlings

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