Effect of simvastatin on monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression in endometriosis patients: a randomized controlled trial

Waiyaput, Wanwisa; Pumipichet, Somphoch; Weerakiet, Sawaek; Rattanasiri, Sasivimol; Sophonsritsuk, Areepan

doi:10.1186/s12905-017-0446-3

Cited by 15 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Many investigators have proved that MCP-1 concentration is elevated in the peritoneal fluid of women with endometriosis. The serum level of MCP-1 nonetheless remains a controversial issue since half of studies show significant difference between the women with endometriosis and the control groups and the rest studies do not [24,25]. In our study, no statistically significant difference was found between the two groups.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 70%

Age at Menarche and Oxidative Stress Markers in Women with Endometriosis

Augoulea

Kindis

Karopoulou

et al. 2020

SN Compr. Clin. Med.

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Endometriosis is one of the most frequent gynecological disorders defined as the existence and growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity. Aim of this study was to evaluate the level of six oxidative stress markers in the serum of patients with and without endometriosis. This study included 46 women who were undergoing laparoscopy. The participants were divided into two groups based on their laparoscopic results. Thirty-one women had visually and histopathologically confirmed endometriosis, whereas 15 did not. The serum level of ADMA (asymmetric dimethylarginine), MCP1 (monocyte chemoattractant protein 1), MMP2 (matrix metalloproteinases 2), MMP9 (matrix metalloproteinases 9), RANTES (regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and presumably secreted), and VEGF-A (vascular endothelial growth factor) as oxidative stress markers were measured and compared between the two groups. No significant difference in the ADMA, MCP1, MMP2, MMP9, RANTES, and VEGF-A serum levels was detected between the entometriosis patients and controls. The disease stage did not affect any of the markers' level either. Women with endometriosis had menarche at an earlier age compared to controls [11.7 (SD 1.09) vs 12.6 (SD 1.4), p = 0.04)]. These results suggest that there is no association between endometriosis and increased oxidative stress. The elevation and possible role of oxidative stress markers in the diagnosis and pathogenesis of endometriosis should be evaluated in more extended studies.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 70%

Age at Menarche and Oxidative Stress Markers in Women with Endometriosis

Augoulea

Kindis

Karopoulou

et al. 2020

SN Compr. Clin. Med.

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“…VEGF and sflt‐1 are angiogenic factors and receptors that can increase vascular permeability, effectively promote the proliferation of endometrial stromal cells in patients, thus, leading to the occurrence and progression of the disease 38 . MCP‐1 is mainly secreted by stromal cells and tumor cells, which can promote the expression of VEGF and induce endothelial cell migration 39 . Both TNF‐α and IL‐6 can take part in the inflammatory response and immune injury process of the body, as well as also have the role of regulating certain angiogenic factors, thus, inducing and promoting endometriosis 40 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of serum markers in diagnosis and staging of ovarian endometriosis

Tang

Lai

Huang

et al. 2021

J of Obstet and Gynaecol

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Aims Laparoscopic surgery is widely used for diagnosing ovarian endometriosis but it has medical risks. This study explored the application of blood indicators in diagnosis and staging of ovarian endometriosis, aiming to develop a noninvasive diagnostic method. Methods A total of 190 ovarian endometriosis patients were included in observation group, among these participants, 77 patients among them were stages I–II, and the rest 113 patients were stages III–IV, and a total of 103 healthy women as control group. Serum biochemical indexes, tumor markers, and cytokines levels in two groups were used for the diagnosis and staging of the disease. Area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) predicted the value of individual and joint tests for indicators. Results Biochemical indexes, namely, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total protein (TP), and glucose (Glu) could distinguish patients from normal women; and that ALP and Glu could indicate disease staging. In tumor markers, alpha fetoprotein (AFP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CA) 125, CA199 and human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) helped to diagnose endometriosis; CA125, HE4, and cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA21‐1) could differentiate stages. In cytokines, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, interleukin (IL)‐6, soluble fms‐like tyrosine kinase receptor 1 (sflt‐1), monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)‐1 therefore, have values to diagnose endometriosis; VEGF, TNF‐α, IL‐6, and sflt‐1 helped to differentiate disease staging. Conclusion Serological indicators in ovarian endometriosis patients were different from healthy women, which were of certain differential values in diagnosis and disease staging. The current study provided a novel strategy for endometriosis diagnosis.

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“…This review discusses the following: endometriosis is constantly exposed to environmental stressors, such as superoxide anions; superoxide is one of important mediators in persistent pain [7,14,27,43,60,75,87,89,104]; and some compounds and natural substances that suppress the pain caused by superoxide may be potential candidates for nonhormonal therapy for endometriosis [82,84,85,[91][92][93][94][95][96][97][98][99][100][101][102][103]. First, we summarize the mechanism by which superoxide anion is produced in large amounts in endometriosis and thus contributes to pain (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Simvastatin, a HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor Simvastatin (20 mg daily for 4 months) significantly reduced dyspareunia, dysmenorrhea, and pelvic pain scores 6 months after DOI: 10.1159/000512628 laparoscopic surgery as assessed by visual analog scale (VAS) scores [102]. However, treatment with 20 mg/day of simvastatin for 2 weeks did not reduce the expression of either the chemokine MCP-1 gene or macrophage-specific genes, suggesting that simvastatin is not ideal for treating endometriosis [103]. No clinical studies have evaluated the efficacy of simvastatin as a first-line treatment for patients with endometriosis before surgery.…”

Section: A Brief Description Of 4 Drugs Belonging To Group 3 (Clinical Trials)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonhormonal Treatment for Endometriosis Focusing on Redox Imbalance

Nagayasu

Imanaka

Kimura

et al. 2021

Gynecol Obstet Invest

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The aim of this review is to investigate the oxidant/antioxidant status and its regulatory mechanisms in patients with endometriosis and to summarize the antioxidant therapy as an alternative to hormonal therapy for endometriosis. Each keyword alone or in combination was used to search from PubMed and Embase by applying the filters of the title and the publication years between January 2000 and March 2020. Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by repeated episodes of hemorrhage. Methemoglobin in repeated hemorrhage produces large amounts of superoxide anion via the autoxidation of hemoglobin. Excessive free-radical production causes redox imbalance, leading to inadequate antioxidant defenses and damage to endometrial cells, but may contribute to endometrial cell growth and survival through activation of various signaling pathways. In addition, to overcome excessive oxidative stress, estradiol participates in the induction of antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase in mitochondria. Several antioxidants that suppress free radicals may be effective in endometriosis-related pain. We searched for 23 compounds and natural substances that could reduce the pain caused by superoxide/reactive oxygen species in basic research and animal models. Next, we built a list of 16 drugs that were suggested to be effective against endometriosis other than hormone therapy in preclinical studies and clinical trials. Of the 23 and 16 drugs, 4 overlapping drugs could be potential candidates for clinically reducing endometriosis-related pain caused by superoxide anion/reactive oxygen species. These drugs include polyphenols (resveratrol and polydatin), dopamine agonists (cabergoline), and statins (simvastatin). However, no randomized controlled trials have evaluated the efficacy of these drugs. In conclusion, this review summarizes the following 2 points: superoxide anion generation by methemoglobin is enhanced in endometriosis, resulting in redox imbalance; and some compounds and natural substances that can suppress free radicals may be effective in endometriosis-related pain. Further randomized clinical trials based on larger series are mandatory to confirm the promising role of antioxidants in the nonhormonal management of endometriosis.

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Effect of simvastatin on monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression in endometriosis patients: a randomized controlled trial

Cited by 15 publications

References 33 publications

Age at Menarche and Oxidative Stress Markers in Women with Endometriosis

Age at Menarche and Oxidative Stress Markers in Women with Endometriosis

Application of serum markers in diagnosis and staging of ovarian endometriosis

Nonhormonal Treatment for Endometriosis Focusing on Redox Imbalance

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