Effect of sintering temperature on the microstructure and electrical properties of (Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3 processed by the sol-gel method

(1-x)(Na₀.₅Bi₀.₅)TiO₃-xCaTiO₃ ceramics: Investigating structural and microstructural features for enhanced dielectric properties

“…Perovskite materials, in general, demonstrate enhanced conductivity primarily due to these oxygen vacancies [ 19 , 42 ]. Commonly, the sintering process facilitates the volatilization of A-site cations, leading to the formation of oxygen vacancies [ 9 ]. For the (1- x )NBT- x CT samples, it is either the oxygen ion defects or the vacancies of Bi 3+ ions that predominantly contribute to conductivity.…”

“…In light of these environmental challenges, the scientific community has shifted its focus to exploring lead-free, environmentally friendly alternatives. Prominent among these are materials such (K 0.5 Na 0.5 )NbO 3 (KNN) [ 5 ], BaTiO 3 (BT) [ 6 ], BiFeO 3 (BF) [ 7 ], (K 0.5 Bi 0.5 )TiO 3 (KBT) [ 8 ], and (Na 0.5 Bi 0.5 )TiO 3 (NBT) [ 9 ], along with their derivative compositions [ [5] , [6] , [7] , [8] , [9] ]. Among them, Bismuth sodium titanate (NBT)-based lead-free piezoceramics stand out for their adaptable properties, high Curie temperature, and potential as energy storage materials due to their high polarization (exceeding 40 μC/cm 2 ) [ 10 , 11 ].…”

Crystal Structure and Spectroscopic Characterization of a New Hybrid Compound, (C12H17N2)2[CdBr4], for Energy Storage Applications

“…The modeling process for complex impedance is highly useful in distinguishing between the impacts of electrodes, grains, and grain boundaries. Furthermore, it provides important insights into the relaxation and polarization processes of space charges by assigning distinct measurements of resistance and capacitance to the actions of grains and grain boundaries in the material under investigation. , …”

“…Furthermore, it provides important insights into the relaxation and polarization processes of space charges by assigning distinct measurements of resistance and capacitance to the actions of grains and grain boundaries in the material under investigation. 57,58 Figure 8 shows the Nyquist plots of hybrid (C 12 H 17 N 2 ) 2 [CdBr 4 ] throughout a temperature range of 363 to 418 K. The spectra display a single, depressed semicircular arc at all temperatures. The decreasing trends in the radii of these semicircular arcs with temperature suggest the occurrence of thermally induced relaxation processes.…”

DIELECTRIC MEASUREMENTS AND IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY OF Ba-MODIFIED (Na 0.5Bi0.5)TiO₃ PREPARED BY THE HYDROTHERMAL METHOD

“…Sodium bismuth titanate, (Na 0.5 Bi 0.5 TiO 3 ; (NBT), has been proposed as a potential candidate for lead-free piezoelectric ceramics based on its excellent ferroelectricity at ambient temperature. [1,2,3,4] Sodium bismuth titanate is characterised by having a rhombohedral perovskite structure with (a = 5,4884 Å and c = 13,5045 Å). [5,6] Relaxor ferroelectric materials represent a special class of disordered structures exhibiting a particular structure and properties.…”