“…The assembly of 3D-HCR products was triggered by a specific cytokine. In contrast to conventional 1D HCR assemblies with uncontrollable multibranched arms, which displayed a relatively low amplification efficiency, [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45] the constructed 3D-HCR products showed an 11.0-fold enhancement of electrochemical signals. As a result, the constructed 3D-HCR enabled the sensitive detection of MMP-9, IFN-𝛾, IL-6, and TNF-𝛼 with limits of detection of 100, 1, 1, and 0.1 pg mL −1 , consuming only 3 mL of tears.…”