Effect of small notch and absorbed hydrogen on the fatigue fracture in two‐step stress test within fatigue limit diagram

Abstract

A B S T R A C T It is usually regarded as a common understanding that fatigue failure would not occur if all stresses were kept within fatigue limit diagram. However, it was shown that fatigue failure occurred in some special cases of variable amplitude loading condition even when all stresses were kept within fatigue limit diagram in the case of small-notched specimen.The cause of such a phenomenon was examined using two-step stress pattern for low alloy steel SCM440H. In the case of constant stress amplitude loading, non-propagating crack was formed only at low mean stress and not formed at high mean stress. However, in the case of two-step stress pattern in which the first step stress was chosen as R = −1 and the second step stress was with high mean stress, a non-propagating crack was formed by the first step stress. This crack functioned as a pre-crack for the second step stress with high mean stress. Consequently, fatigue failure occurred by the stresses within fatigue limit diagram. In this study, the effect of notch size and shape were examined. The effect of absorbed hydrogen was also investigated. Absorption of 0.3 ppm hydrogen caused more reduction of fatigue limit. R = stress ratio t = notch depth K = stress intensity factor range σ 0.2 = 0.2% offset stress σ a1 = 1st step stress amplitude of two-step stress σ a2 = 2nd step stress amplitude of two-step stress σ a = stress amplitude σ B = tensile strength σ m = mean stress σ m1 = mean stress of 1st step stress of two-step stress σ m2 = mean stress of 2nd step stress of two-step stress