Effect of split injection strategies on diverse characteristics of a common rail direct injection diesel engine operating with diesel-palm oil-ethanol micro-emulsions

Abstract

This study investigated the effect of pilot injection timing (PIT) and pilot injection quantity (PIQ) on the performance of a common rail direct injection (CRDI) diesel engine with two-stage injection system operating with diesel-palm oil-ethanol micro-emulsions. The results indicated that, at low engine load, the maximum in-cylinder pressure (Pmax) and peak of heat release rate (HRR) of D35P35E30 were highest, and those of D100 were lowest. At high engine load, the Pmax of D100 was highest, that of D60P30E10 was lowest, and the peaks of HRR were almost identical for all test fuels. The Pmax and peak of HRR were slightly increased with the advance of PIT. Increasing PIQ increased the first peak of HRR and reduced the second one. At low engine load, the coefficient of variation (COV) of Pmax and the indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) presented a slight decrease for the micro-emulsions, but did for D100 at high engine loads. The brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) of the micro-emulsions was higher, and the brake thermal efficiency (BTE) was also slightly higher when compared with diesel (D100). With the advance of PIT and the increase of PIQ, BSFC was increased, BTE was decreased, and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions were reduced. The variation of PIT and PIQ had little effect on the particle number concentration (PNC), but had evident effect on nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions. It was concluded that the micro-emulsions can be used to reduce NOx and particulate matter (PM) simultaneously combined with injection strategy in a diesel engine.

Effects of Pre-Injection and Antioxidants in a Diesel Engine Fuelled with Methyl Esters of Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel

“…The findings show that CO2 emissions from the test fuels were comparable between petrol and diesel emissions [28]. An experiment tested the engine and various injection timings (23,25,and 27° bTDC) with different fuel injection pressures to optimize the injection settings (20,35, and 500 bar). The split injection combustion approach has been studied under optimal fuel injection conditions [29].…”

“…A 30% pilot injection of TSME biodiesel is usually advised as an alternative gasoline for diesel engines because it performs better and emits fewer pollutants [22]. It was concluded that using these micro-emulsions and an optimized injection strategy can reduce NOx and particulate matter emissions in a CRDI engine [23] The CRDI car diesel engine chosen for this examination has an electronically managed gas injection gadget that allows it to adjust single and multiple injection schedules in addition to gas injection pressure. The test outcomes proved that the emissions of a waste-cooking biodiesel blend could be appreciably decreased by using a pilot and post-injection pressure [24].…”

"Effect of Fuel Injection Pulse and Dwell Period in Split Injections on the Performance and Emissions of a Diesel Engine"

“…The study revealed a significant effect on NOx and modest effect on particulate number with varying PIT and PIQ. They observed no effect that micro-emulsions along with injection techniques would help in simultaneous reduction of both NOx and particulate matter [PM] in a diesel engine (Qi et al 2022).…”