Effect of stocking density and sex on growth performance, meat quality, and intestinal barrier function in broiler chickens

Goo, Doyun; Kim, J.H.; Choi, Hyeon Seok; Park, Geun Hyeon; Han, Gi Ppeum; Kil, Dong Yong

doi:10.3382/ps/pey491

Cited by 77 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Birds were stocked at either 9 birds/m 2 (low SD) or 18 birds/m 2 (high SD). Each SD was achieved by raising different numbers of birds (i.e., 38 birds for low SD and 76 birds for high SD) per identical floor pen size (2.0 m × 2.4 m) in an environmentally controlled room [11]. In the calculation of SD, however, floor space occupied by immobile objects (0.584 m 2 for 2 feeders and 1 bell-shaped drinker per pen) was excluded.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Intestinal permeability was measured by trans-epithelial electric resistance (TER) values in a 2-channel Ussing chamber system (U2500, Warner Instruments, Hamden, CT, USA). The detailed procedure has been reported previously [11]. In short, the mid-jejunum tissue samples (e.g., between the end of duodenal loop and Meckel’s diverticulum) collected from selected birds were placed into chilled and aerated Krebs-Henseleit buffer at pH 7.4.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, high SD may induce pathological responses similar to those of HS. Likewise, we previously reported that high SD decreased broiler performance and this negative effect was associated with impaired intestinal barrier function [11]. Therefore, it could be expected that the negative outcomes of high SD are exacerbated when poultry are exposed to HS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Effect of Heat Stress and Stocking Density on Growth Performance, Breast Meat Quality, and Intestinal Barrier Function in Broiler Chickens

Goo

Kim

Park

et al. 2019

Animals

117

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The present experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of heat stress (HS) andstocking density (SD) on growth performance, breast meat quality, and intestinal barrier functionin broiler chickens. Experimental treatments included two different ambient temperatures (20 °C:thermoneutral conditions, or 27.8 °C: HS conditions) and two different SD (low: 9 birds/m2 andhigh: 18 birds/m2) in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. A total of 1140 21-day-old broiler chickens wereallotted 1 of 4 treatments with five replicates. At the end of the experiment (35 days of age), twobirds per replicate were euthanized for sample collections. The results indicated no interactionsbetween HS and SD for all measurements. For main effects, HS decreased (p < 0.05) the growthperformance of broiler chickens. Similarly, high SD also decreased (p < 0.05) body weight gain andfeed intake. HS decreased (p < 0.01) jejunal trans-epithelial electric resistance (TER), whereas highSD did not affect TER. Neither HS nor high SD affected jejunal tight junction-related geneexpressions; however, high SD reduced (p < 0.05) occludin expression. In conclusion, HS and highSD are key environmental factors decreasing broiler performance; however, the interactive effectsof HS and high SD are not significant under the current conditions.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Effect of Heat Stress and Stocking Density on Growth Performance, Breast Meat Quality, and Intestinal Barrier Function in Broiler Chickens

Goo

Kim

Park

et al. 2019

Animals

117

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“…Tracheal defense function mainly depends on the integrity of its mucosa and the secretion of protective proteins [31]. To the best of our knowledge, most of the previous experiment reported that increasing stocking density linearly decreased intestinal barrier function [32], but there is rarely any report on the effects of high-stocking density on trachea barrier function. In this study, the tracheal structure of CSD group had normal morphology, whereas, after high-stocking density stimulation of 29 days, HSD treatment group was damaged seriously with high mucosal thickness and in ammatory cell in ltration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effects of different stocking densities on the trachea barrier function and its plasma metabolic profile of finishing broilers

Wang

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different stocking densities on the trachea barrier and its plasma metabolic profile of finishing broilers.Methods One thousand four hundred and forty 22-day-old Lingnan Yellow feathered broilers were randomly allotted to five different stocking density groups (8, 10, 12, 14, and 16 birds per m2). Each group consisted of three replicates.Results A markedly increased in IL-1β and IL-10 concentrations were observed in 16 birds per m2 treatment group than the groups of 8 and 10 birds per m2 (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference in IL-4 content among five treatments (P > 0.05). 16 birds per m2 (high stocking density group, HSD) treatment group significantly increased the trachea mucosa thickness than 10 birds per m2 (control group, CSD). HSD group exhibited lower expression of claudin1 and higher muc2 and caspase3 than those in the CSD group. In addition, a total of 10 metabolites were identified at higher (P < 0.05) concentrations, while 7 metabolites were identified at lower (P < 0.05) concentrations in the HSD treatment as compared with the CSD group. Most of these potentially diagnostic biomarkers were involved in substance synthesis and energy metabolism. Further metabolic pathway analysis revealed that pentose and glucuronate interconversions along with pentose phosphate pathway were the most relevant and critical pathway identified from these two groups. The activated pathway may partially interpret the metabolic level to alleviate the adverse effects of stress which caused by high-stocking density in broilers.Conclusions In summary, this study can improve our understanding of the harmful effects of high-stocking density on the trachea barrier and identify two metabolic pathways that may be associated with high-stocking density-induced metabolic disorders in broilers.

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“…More data are required to determine if changes observed early in life during gastrointestinal and immune system development will affect the response of broilers to challenges such heat stress, bacterial, or parasites infections. However, it has been shown that expression of TJ-related and gut barrier–related genes is modulated by different stresses encountered later in life ( Shao et al., 2013 ; Song et al., 2014 ; Li et al., 2015 ; Yang et al., 2015 ; Chen et al., 2018 ; Liu et al., 2018 ; Goo et al., 2019 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of delayed feeding post-hatch on expression of tight junction– and gut barrier–related genes in the small intestine of broiler chickens during neonatal development

et al. 2020

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The gut not only plays a key role in digestion and absorption of nutrients but also forms a physical barrier and first line of defense between the host and the luminal environment. A functional gut barrier (mucus and epithelial cells with tight junctions [ TJ ]) is essential for optimal health and efficient production in poultry. In current broiler system, chicks are deprived of food and water up to 72 h due to uneven hatching, hatchery procedures, and transportation. Post-hatch feed delay results in lower BW, higher FCR and mortality, and delayed post-hatch gut development. Little is known about the effects of early neonatal development and delayed feeding immediately post-hatch on gut barrier function in chickens. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to characterize the expression pattern of gut barrier–related and TJ-related genes in the small intestine of broiler chickens during early development and delay in access to feed. Newly hatched chicks received feed and water immediately after hatch or were subjected to 48 h delayed access to feed to mimic commercial hatchery setting and operations. Birds were sampled (n = 6) at −48, 0, 4, 24, 48, 72, 96, 144, 192, 240, 288, and 336 h post-hatch. Jejunum and ileum were collected, cleaned of digesta, and snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen or fixed in paraformaldehyde. The relative mRNA levels of gut barrier- and TJ-related protein genes were measured by quantitative PCR and analyzed by 2-way ANOVA. In both tissues, changes ( P < 0.05) in gene expression pattern of gut barrier–related and TJ-related genes were detected due to delayed access to feed post-hatch and/or development. In general, expression of TJ-related genes was downregulated while mRNA levels of gut barrier-related genes were upregulated during development. Histological differences and changes in mucin staining due to age and treatment were observed. These results suggest that delayed access to feed post-hatch may affect TJ structure and/or function and therefore gut barrier function and overall health of the chicken small intestine.

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Effect of stocking density and sex on growth performance, meat quality, and intestinal barrier function in broiler chickens

Cited by 77 publications

References 37 publications

Effect of Heat Stress and Stocking Density on Growth Performance, Breast Meat Quality, and Intestinal Barrier Function in Broiler Chickens

Effect of Heat Stress and Stocking Density on Growth Performance, Breast Meat Quality, and Intestinal Barrier Function in Broiler Chickens

Effects of different stocking densities on the trachea barrier function and its plasma metabolic profile of finishing broilers

Effect of delayed feeding post-hatch on expression of tight junction– and gut barrier–related genes in the small intestine of broiler chickens during neonatal development

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