Effect of Stretching Intensity and Duration on Hamstring Flexibility.

Walter, Jakob E.; Figoni, Stephen F.; Andres, F. F.

doi:10.1249/00005768-199505001-01349

Cited by 7 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…This is much higher compared with the results of previous studies examining the knee extension flexibility (5,6). This was also probably due to the intensity and duration of the stretching (6,7,9,13,14). In this study, the ROM was increased every 90 seconds during the 450-second stretching maneuver until the maximal ROM, until the participant report that he could not stretch further without felling pain, and stretching was superior to 300 seconds (7).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…Lima et al (5) suggested that the lack of change in MA could be due to the low intensity and duration of the static stretching intervention, since adaptations on MA after static stretching has been observed in studies with animal models (12,15). In addition, there is evidence of a greater maximal range of motion (ROM) increase when performing static stretching with higher stretching intensity (14), duration (7), repetitions (2), and stretching session frequency (6). Thus, a change on MA parameters after a static stretching may depend on the stretching intensity; however, this has never been tested.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of 8-Week High-Intensity Stretching Training on Biceps Femoris Architecture

Freitas

Mil‐Homens²

2015

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

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Previous studies have reported no changes on muscle architecture (MA) after static stretching interventions; however, authors have argued that stretching duration and intensity may not have been sufficient. A high-intensity stretching intervention targeting the knee flexors with an 8-week duration was conducted to observe the effects on biceps femoris long head (BF) architecture. Participants (n = 5) performed an average of 3.1 assisted-stretching sessions per week, whereas a control group (n = 5) did not perform stretching. The knee extension passive maximal range of motion (ROM), and BF fascicle length (FL), fascicle angle, and muscle thickness were assessed before and after the intervention. A significant increase was observed for FL (+12.3 mm, p = 0.04) and maximal ROM (+14.2°, p = 0.04) for the stretching group after the intervention. No significant changes were observed for the control group in any parameter. An 8-week high-intensity stretching program was observed to efficiently increase the BF FL, as well as the knee extension maximal ROM. Stretching intensity and duration may play an important role on MA adaptation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of 8-Week High-Intensity Stretching Training on Biceps Femoris Architecture

Freitas

Mil‐Homens²

2015

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

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“…It has been shown that the most beneficial PNF contraction duration is 3-10 seconds, with six seconds being preferred. 7 8 The correct intensity of a stretch has not been well defined, and very few studies have used different intensities in static 10 and PNF 8 9 stretching protocols. Contraction intensities in PNF stretching as low as 50% have been reported to produce similar flexibility gains to MVICs, 9 although the primary purpose of that article was to show alterations in blood pressure.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of submaximal contraction intensity in contract-relax proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching: Table 1

2004

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Objective:To determine if submaximal contractions used in contract-relax proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (CRPNF) stretching of the hamstrings yield comparable gains in hamstring flexibility to maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVICs).Method:Randomised controlled trial. A convenience sample of 72 male subjects aged 18–27 was used. Subjects qualified by demonstrating tight hamstrings, defined as the inability to reach 70° of hip flexion during a straight leg raise. Sixty subjects were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups: 1, 20% of MVIC; 2, 60% of MVIC; 3, 100% MVIC. Twelve subjects were randomly assigned to a control group (no stretching). Subjects in groups 1–3 performed three separate six second CRPNF stretches at the respective intensity with a 10 second rest between contractions, once a day for five days. Goniometric measurements of hamstring flexibility using a lying passive knee extension test were made before and after the stretching period to determine flexibility changes.Results:Pairedttests showed a significant change in flexibility for all treatment groups. A comparison of least squares means showed that there was no difference in flexibility gains between the treatment groups, but all treatment groups had significantly greater flexibility than the control group.Conclusion:CRPNF stretching using submaximal contractions is just as beneficial at improving hamstring flexibility as maximal contractions, and may reduce the risk of injury associated with PNF stretching.

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“…Researchers have looked at the effect of different variables associated with stretching, including force or intensity, 14 position, 15 frequency and duration, 6,16,17 and repetition. 18 In the majority of these studies, younger people, usually between the ages of 18 and 39 years, were the subjects.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Effect of Duration of Stretching of the Hamstring Muscle Group for Increasing Range of Motion in People Aged 65 Years or Older

et al. 2001

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APTA is a sponsor of the Decade, an international, multidisciplinary initiative to improve health-related quality of life for people with musculoskeletal disorders.Background and Purpose. Stretching protocols for elderly people (Ն65 years of age) have not been studied to determine the effectiveness of increasing range of motion (ROM). The purpose of this study was to determine which of 3 durations of stretches would produce and maintain the greatest gains in knee extension ROM with the femur held at 90 degrees of hip flexion in a group of elderly individuals. Subjects. Sixty-two subjects (mean ageϭ84.7 years, SDϭ5.6, rangeϭ 65-97) with tight hamstring muscles (defined as the inability to extend the knee to less than 20°of knee flexion) participated. Subjects were recruited from a retirement housing complex and were independent in activities of daily living. Methods. Subjects were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups and completed a physical activity questionnaire. The subjects in group 1 (nϭ13, mean ageϭ85.1 years, SDϭ6.4, rangeϭ 70 -97), a control group, performed no stretching. The randomly selected right or left limb of subjects in group 2 (nϭ17, mean ageϭ85.5 years, SDϭ4.5, rangeϭ80 -93), group 3 (nϭ15, mean ageϭ85.2 years, SDϭ6.5, rangeϭ65-92), and group 4 (nϭ17, mean ageϭ83.2 years, SDϭ4.6, rangeϭ68 -90) was stretched 5 times per week for 6 weeks for 15, 30, and 60 seconds, respectively. Range of motion was measured once a week for 10 weeks to determine the treatment and residual effects. Data were analyzed using a growth curve model. Results. A 60-second stretch produced a greater rate of gains in ROM (60-second stretchϭ2.4°per week, 30-second stretchϭ1.3°per week, 15-second stretchϭ0.6°per week), which persisted longer than the gains in any other group (group 4 still had 5.4°more ROM 4 weeks after treatment than at pretest as compared with 0.7°and 0.8°for groups 2 and 3, respectively). Discussion and Conclusion. Longer hold times during stretching of the hamstring muscles resulted in a greater rate of gains in ROM and a more sustained increase in ROM in elderly subjects. These results may differ from those of studies performed with younger populations because of age-related physiologic changes. [Feland JB, Myrer JW, Schulthies SS, et al. The effect of duration of stretching of the hamstring muscle group for increasing range of motion in people aged 65 years or older. Phys Ther. 2001;81:1100 -1117 Key Words: Age, Elderly, Flexibility, Hamstring muscles, Lower extremity. [1][2][3][4][5] Stretching is important because it is believed to provide many physical benefits, including improved flexibility, 3,6,7 improved muscle or athletic performance, 8,9 improved running economy (decreased energy expenditure at a given speed), 10,11 injury prevention, 3,11 promotion of healing, and possibly decreased delayed-onset muscle soreness. 12,13 Although evidence to support these beliefs is limited, stretching appears to us to be in widespread use.Researchers have looked at the effect of different variables associated wit...

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Effect of Stretching Intensity and Duration on Hamstring Flexibility.

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Effect of 8-Week High-Intensity Stretching Training on Biceps Femoris Architecture

Effect of 8-Week High-Intensity Stretching Training on Biceps Femoris Architecture

Effect of submaximal contraction intensity in contract-relax proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching: Table 1

The Effect of Duration of Stretching of the Hamstring Muscle Group for Increasing Range of Motion in People Aged 65 Years or Older

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