Effect of strontium (Sr) doping on the conductivity of ceria

Performance optimization of LSCF/Gd:CeO2 composite cathodes via single-step inkjet printing infiltration

“…One should also consider the possibility of doping the CGO nano-decoration with the dissolved by the ink SrO. According to Jaiswal et al [37] doping ceria with Sr at levels higher than x = 0.05 (Ce 1−x Sr x O 2−x ) leads to a formation of SrCeO 3 besides the major fluorite phase. Consequently, the ionic conductivity decreases gradually with increasing x value due to the increased probability of formation of neutral associated defect pairs.…”

Sr2+-Gd3+ co-doped CeO2: A cost-effective variant for IT-SOFC electrolytes

“…Solubility limit can be the decisive factor in this case. The reason is that 5 mol% Sr 2+ (the solubility limit of Sr 2+ in ceria [13]) is co-doped with 15 mol% Gd 3+ (near to the solubility limit of Gd 3+ ). This may lead to an expansion and thereby, distortion in the lattice or can also cause a segregation of dopant ions at grain boundaries hindering the ionic movement.…”

“…This is beneficial because 1 mol% low cost Sr 2+ will be able to solve the purpose of 2 mol% high cost Gd 3+ . However, Sr 2+ has a maximum solubility of 5 mol% [13] and therefore, at the max, can serve the purpose of 10 mol% Gd 3+ . Literature suggests that 15-20 mol% Gd 3+ shows the maximum electrical conductivity [15,20] thus, single 5 mol% Sr 2+ doping cannot provide a better conductivity than 15 mol% Gd 3+ doped ceria.…”

“…Cations such as transition metal (Y 3+ , Ti 4+ ), rare earth (Gd 3+ , Er 3+ , Yb 3+ , Sm 3+ etc. ), alkaline earth metal (Ca 2+ , Sr 2+ , Ba 2+ ) have been extensively investigated for ionic/electronic conductivities in ceria structure [11][12][13]. It has been noticed that the dopants with ionic radii, similar to Ce 4+ , have a high solubility limit in the structure and therefore, lead to remarkably high ionic conductivities.…”

Electrical Properties of (CeO2)0.9(MO)0.1 (M=Ca or Mg) Solid Electrolyte System

“…Another possibility is the formation of space charge layer adjacent to the grain boundary is responsible for the low conductivity. It is reported that the addition of alkaline earth oxides increases the grain boundary conductivity of ceria to a large extent [4]. The aim of this work is to study the electrical properties of alkaline earth elements Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ doped ceria system.…”