Effect of surfactant type on the entrainment factor and selectivity of flotation at laboratory scale

Kracht, Willy; Orozco, Y.; Acuña, Claudio

doi:10.1016/j.mineng.2016.03.028

Cited by 22 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…This observation is in line with other studies (Rahal et al, 2001;Kracht et al, 2016). The calculated degree of entrainment as a function of frother type and concentration is shown in Figure 6 The variation in the degree of entrainment for quartz due to frother (i.e.…”

Section: Chapter 6 the Impact Of Frother On The Degree Of Entrainmentsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Variation in frother (type or dosage rate) has been observed to result in significant variation in the amount of gangue materials reporting to the concentrate due to entrainment (Rahal et al, 2001;Melo and Laskowski, 2007;Comley, 2012;Wiese and Harris, 2012;Kracht et al, 2016). In froth flotation, frothers are commonly added to provide a stable froth.…”

Section: Frothermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rahal et al (2001) undertook a study to determine the relationship between entrainment recovery and water recovery using five industrial frothers of (Melo and Laskowski, 2007;Wiese and Harris, 2012;Kracht et al, 2016). Moreover, frothers were also found to change the degree of entrainment, with frother dosage increasing the concentration of gangue materials in the water reporting to the concentrate (Rahal et al, 2001;Kracht et al, 2016).…”

Section: Frothermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Entrainment of fine particles in froth flotation

Wang¹

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Entrainment has become a significant issue nowadays with fine grinding being used to liberate valuable minerals from low grade and complex ores to increase "true flotation". Entrainment results in large amounts of fine gangue materials reporting to flotation concentrates along with recovered valuable minerals and reduces the final product quality. In froth flotation, entrainment is the dominant recovery mechanism for fine gangue mineral particles, and it is influenced by a number of factors in both the pulp and froth phase, including particle properties (e.g. particle size and density) and flotation operational variables (e.g. gas flowrate, froth depth, impeller speed and reagent dosage).A number of models incorporating different factors have been developed to estimate entrainment recovery. Most of these models relate entrainment recovery to two parameters: the water recovery to concentrate, and the degree of entrainment, a classification factor to account for the degree of drainage of entrained particles with respect to the water in the pulp and froth phases of a flotation cell. However, there are still significant barriers to be overcome before they can be applied for routine estimation of entrainment in industrial applications. There is no consensus as to the variables which significantly affect the entrainment process and should therefore be included in the model as well as to the mechanisms involved.This thesis investigated the effect of flotation operational factors and particle properties on the entrainment parameters (i.e. degree of entrainment and water recovery) and the mechanisms underpinning the observed effects. The objective of the thesis was to develop a comprehensive understanding of the key operating conditions and particle attributes influencing the entrainment of gangue minerals in flotation, which should enable the development of a more sophisticated predictive entrainment model by more accurately predicting the degree of entrainment and water recovery.A two level factorial experimental program was adopted to investigate the effect of impeller speed, gas flowrate, froth height and specific gravity of gangue minerals on the degree of entrainment.Batch flotation experiments were performed in a 3.5 L conventional Agitair flotation cell using a feed which was a mixture of liberated chalcopyrite and one of two liberated gangue minerals, quartz and hematite. Results show that there was no direct correlation between the degree of entrainment and water recovery, indicating that the key drivers of water recovery were not the same as those that affected the degree of entrainment.ii The degree of entrainment was significantly influenced by particle size, particle density, frother and the interaction between gas flowrate and froth height. The mechanisms underpinning the effect of these significant influencing factors were investigated. Results suggest that the classification of gangue mineral particles mainly occurs at the pulp/froth interface region. Whether a particle moves upward into the frot...

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Section: Chapter 6 the Impact Of Frother On The Degree Of Entrainmentsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Frothermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Frothermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Entrainment of fine particles in froth flotation

Wang¹

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“…Nevertheless frother type remains a factor: for example, alcohols are generally considered better at recovering fines and polyglycols better at recovering coarse particles (Klimpel and Isherwood, 1991), which may be related to polyglycols tending to recover more water, as identified in two-phase tests. Frother type also appears to influence degree of entrainment (Kracht et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Synthesis and characterization of alkyl, propoxy, ethoxy-based frothers

Zhang

Tan

Finch

2016

Minerals Engineering

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“…The recovery of mineral particles by entrainment is a non-selective process as both hydrophobic and hydrophilic particles have chances of being recovered, which negatively affects the effective separation of valuable and gangue particles and reduces concentrate grades [1]. Previous studies showed that the degree of entrainment is proportional to the amount of water carried to the concentrate [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. Therefore, to understand the phenomena that drive entrainment in flotation, it is necessary to analyze the physical phenomena that explain the variations of the flow of water that overflows the flotation cell and is carried into concentrate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Seawater on the Degree of Entrainment in the Flotation of a Synthetic Copper Ore

et al. 2020

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Froth flotation is a process in which hydrophobic particles attach to bubbles forming particle–bubble aggregates, which are transported to the top section of the cell where they overflow to form the concentrate. Particles also reach the concentrate by entrainment, which is a non-selective process that leads to low concentrate grades. The objective of this work was to study and compare the degree of entrainment measured using three methods, in fresh and seawater, and using methyl isobutyl carbinol (MIBC) and DF-250 as frothers. The experimental results indicated that the degree of entrainment decreased in seawater. Besides, water recovery was lower in the experiments with seawater regardless of the frother that was used in the experiments, which correlated with the observed low degrees of entrainment. It is proposed that the reduction of entrainment and water recovery in seawater can be explained by a reduction of air recovery and/or more bubble coalescence in the froth. It is also proposed that surfactant diffusion/convection from the lamellae to the Plateau borders in the froth is reduced in seawater, which reduces the surface tension gradients, and thus the restoring liquid flow from the Plateau borders to the lamellae.

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Effect of surfactant type on the entrainment factor and selectivity of flotation at laboratory scale

Cited by 22 publications

References 27 publications

Entrainment of fine particles in froth flotation

Entrainment of fine particles in froth flotation

Synthesis and characterization of alkyl, propoxy, ethoxy-based frothers

Influence of Seawater on the Degree of Entrainment in the Flotation of a Synthetic Copper Ore

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