Effect of Temperature and Button Mushroom Varieties on Life History of <I>Lycoriella auripila</I> (Diptera: Sciaridae)

Abstract

Temperature-dependent development and population growth parameters of the fungus gnat, Lycoriella auripila (Winnertz), on button (737 and A15) mushroom were evaluated at nine constant temperatures, ranging from 8, 10, 12.5, 15, 20, 22.5, 25, 27, and 30 degrees C and developmental rates were modeled as a function of temperature. At 25 and 27 degrees C, an average of 20.89 and 22.43 d was needed for L. auripila to complete its development from oviposition to adult eclosion on 737 and A15, respectively. The population failed to survive at 8 and 30 degrees C. The developmental times of males or females on each variety at various constant temperatures differed significantly. The regression and Ikemoto and Takai linear models, in the absence of 10, 12.5, and 27 degrees C, described the relationship of developmental rate to temperature for male and female of L. auripila very well. Data were fitted to various nonlinear temperature-dependent models. The Logan 6 and Briere 1 nonlinear models provided the best estimation for Topt and Tmax and are highly recommended for the description of temperature-dependent development of L. auripila on 737 and A15, respectively. On 737 variety, significant differences were observed among all growth parameters at various temperatures. The intrinsic rate of natural increase (r(m)) for L. auripila was 0.134 on 737 variety at 25 degrees C, which was significantly >0.052 on A15 variety at the same temperature. No other data are available in using linear and nonlinear models to describe the relationship between temperature and L. auripila development. Understanding the influence of temperature on development of L. auripila is discussed with respect to pest management in mushroom production.

Synthesis, insecticidal activity, and phytotoxicity of novel chiral amides

“…34 In view of this, even low infestations of stored grains are sufficient to decrease the product market value because of customer complaints or lawsuits, resulting in a very low economic threshold for grain products in warehouses. [35][36][37] Rhyzopertha dominica females may lay up to 17 eggs per day under high temperatures (32 ∘ C). 38 Due to this high reproductive potential, it is desirable for the insecticide to show rapid action on the pest, avoiding the growth of the insect population and new sources of grain contamination.…”

“…In several countries, the tolerance of insect residues in stored grain is very low . In view of this, even low infestations of stored grains are sufficient to decrease the product market value because of customer complaints or lawsuits, resulting in a very low economic threshold for grain products in warehouses . Rhyzopertha dominica females may lay up to 17 eggs per day under high temperatures (32 °C) .…”

Why put all your eggs in one basket? Evolutionary perspectives on the origins of monogenic reproduction

“…These variable sex ratios are also temperature dependent, with a higher proportion of females being produced at higher temperatures. This is caused by an increase in female production at the expense of male production rather than higher mortality in male embryos (Nigro et al 2007 ; Farsani et al 2013 ). The temperature-sensitive period of development appears to be the mid-pupal to early-adult stages (Nigro et al 2007 ), when oogenesis takes place (Berry 1941 ).…”