Effect of temperature on development, mortality, fecundity, and reproduction of Aphis rumicisL. (Homoptera: Aphididae) on broadleaf dock (Rumex obtusifolius) and Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris vulgaris var. cida)

Abstract

Effect of temperature on development, mortality, fecundity, and reproduction of Aphis rumicis L. (Homoptera: Aphididae) on broadleaf dock (Rumex obtusifolius) and Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris vulgaris var. cida) Abstract Temperature effects on developmental period, survival rate, and reproductive capacity of Aphis rumicis L. were studied on Broadleaf dock and Swiss chard at four constant temperatures (17.5°C, 20°C, 22.5°C, and 25°C). The developmental time of immature stages ranged from 10.9 days at 17.5°C to 6.5 days at 25°C on Broadleaf dock, and 11.8 days at 17.5°C to 6.5 days at 25°C on Swiss chard. The total percentage of survivorship of immature stages varied from 54.2% and 67.6% 17.5°C-25°C on Broadleaf dock, and 49.7% and 62.4% at 17.5°C-25°C on Swiss chard. The largest r m value occurred with 0.2845 at 25°C on Broadleaf dock and with 0.2785 at 25°C on Swiss chard. The results obtained on this study indicated that Swiss chard was a less favorable host of the A. rumicis than Broadleaf dock. The optimal temperature for A. rumicis growth, developmental time, and reproduction was 22.5°C-25°C.

A proteomic analysis of the aphid Macrosiphum euphorbiae under heat and radiation stress

“…Marked effects of heat and UV stress on the fecundity of wingless adults were observed (Table 2, Fig. 2C), in line with several studies showing that heat stress can cause adult aphid sterility (Ontaka and Ishikawa, 1991;Wang and Tsai, 2000;Ma et al, 2004;Bayhan et al, 2006;Kuo et al, 2006).…”

“…As expected, stress treatments had marked behavioral and fitness effects, but no significant effect on survival (data not shown), in contrast to most insect stress studies emphasizing acute stressful conditions (Ma et al, 2004;Bayhan et al, 2006;Kuo et al, 2006).…”

“…2B). Similar to growth, reduced development rate was expected under heat stress, as often observed in other aphids (Chyzik et al, 2003;Bayhan et al, 2006;Kuo et al, 2006). The much lower proportion of winged aphids reaching maturity under heat stress compared to wingless aphids (Fig.…”

“…The winged and wingless aphid morphs strongly differ in morphological, physiological, behavioral and life history traits (Braendle et al, 2006), and likely also in their capacity to cope with stressful environments. Several studies have shown that high temperature affects aphids by reducing performance and reproduction, as reported for instance for the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum (Ontaka and Ishikawa, 1991;Russell and Moran, 2006), the rose grain aphid Metopolophium dirhodum (Ma et al, 2004), the rumex aphid Aphis rumicis (Bayhan et al, 2006), and the corn leaf aphid Rhopalosiphum maidis (Kuo et al, 2006). Additionally, it is well known that aphids can live on unbalanced diets of phloem sap as principal source of food, in relation to their obligatory symbiosis with the heat sensitive bacterium Buchnera aphidicola, which supplements host nutrition by synthesizing essential amino acids (Douglas, 1998).…”

Effects of nutrient availability on performance and mortality of Rumex obtusifolius and R. crispus in unmanaged grassland

“…obtusifolius L. (broad-leaved dock, hereafter referred to as R. obtusifolius) in temperate grasslands has received high research attention (Zaller 2004(Zaller , 2006Bayhan et al 2006;Van Evert et al 2009;Gilgen et al 2010;Stilmant et al 2010;Strnad et al 2010;Hrdličková et al 2011;Hann et al 2012). This is because R. obtusifolius is considered to be one of the most troublesome grassland weedy species worldwide due to: (1) its general avoidance by grazing livestock, especially cattle and horses; (2) its negative effects on forage quality, as it induces health problems if eaten in high quantity and (3) its negative effects on biomass production of desired forage species by competition for space, water and nutrients (Zaller 2004).…”