Effect of temperature on the mechanical properties of adhesively bonded basalt FRP-aluminum alloy joints in the automotive industry

Na, Jingxin; Mu, Wenlong; Qin, Guofeng; Tan, Wei; Pu, Leixin

doi:10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2018.05.027

Cited by 52 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…However, cohesive failure was observed at −40 °C. Similar finding of the effect of temperature on mechanical properties of adhesively bonded basalt FRPaluminum alloy joints have been established [11].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Non-Fickian Absorption Characteristics of Adhesive Joints: Capillary Effects and Residual Properties

Johar

Wong

Tamin

2018

IJIE

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Mechanical performance of polymer-based adhesive joints is generally susceptible to moisture absorption. This study quantifies the effects of moisture content on the strength, stiffness, and energy properties of adhesive bonded joints. For this purpose, moisture absorption characteristics of structural adhesive joints (Araldite 2015) with different thicknesses (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mm) were firstly established under accelerated aging condition (deionized water at 60 o C). A thickness-dependent non-Fickian moisture absorption model was then used to characterize the moisture absorption of the adhesive joints. Results suggested that the moisture absorption of the adhesive joints was governed by the capillary action. Subsequently, adhesive joints with aluminum 6061 adherent and 0.5 mm-thick Araldite 2015 adhesive compound were subjected to dry, 0.1, 0.15, 0.18, and 0.2 pct of moisture content. The specimens were tested in shear and tension loadings at 1 mm/min. The resulting variations in the mechanical properties were fitted using a residual property model. It was noticed that all properties degraded upon moisture attack. For strength and energy properties, the degradation was more severe in tension. As for the stiffness, the decrease in the property was similar in both tensile and shear. The results from this study showed that moisture attack is an important aspect to be considered when designing for the service lifetime of adhesive bonded structures.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Non-Fickian Absorption Characteristics of Adhesive Joints: Capillary Effects and Residual Properties

Johar

Wong

Tamin

2018

IJIE

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“…Simultaneously, automobile and adhesive manufacturers have carefully considered and studied the reliability of adhesives in automobiles, where human safety must be guaranteed. The essential basic requirements for automotive structural adhesives are as follows: an elongation performance, in addition to the adhesive strength (i.e., the toughness) [ 19 , 20 , 21 ]; an impact resistance [ 22 , 23 , 24 ]; and a stable performance in the specified operating temperature range [ 25 , 26 , 27 ]. The toughness is required because a vehicle in the driving state experiences various external forces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are structural adhesives that are based on epoxy, urethane, and acrylic materials [ 19 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ]. Among them, epoxy-based structural adhesives are commonly adopted because of their excellent mechanical strength, chemical resistance, and environmental resistance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To apply CSR to the adhesives, one must provide and discuss property characterization in the operating temperature range. In general, the operating temperature range of adhesive joints used in the automotive industry is −40 to 80 °C [ 25 , 26 , 27 ]; thus, adhesion performance tests, such as SLJ and IWP tests, must be conducted and discussed in this temperature range to provide useful information for performance evaluation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They found that the tensile and shear strengths varied with temperature. Na et al [ 27 ] used a commercial, automotive, epoxy adhesive and characterized its tensile and adhesion properties at −40 to 80 °C. They found that, as the temperature increased, the Young’s modulus and tensile strength decreased.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanical Characterization of Core-Shell Rubber/Epoxy Polymers for Automotive Structural Adhesives as a Function of Operating Temperature

2021

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Automotive structural adhesives must show a steady toughness performance in the temperature range of −40 °C to 80 °C, considering their actual usage environments. Core-shell rubber (CSR) nanoparticles are known to enhance the toughness of epoxy systems. In this study, a CSR, pre-dispersed, diglycidyl epoxy of bisphenol A (DGEBA) mixture at 35 wt % (KDAD-7101, Kukdo Chemical, Seoul, Korea) was used as a toughener for an automotive structural epoxy adhesive system. A simple, single-component, epoxy system of DGEBA/dicyandiamide with a latent accelerator was adopted, where the CSR content of the system was controlled from 0 to 50 phr by the CSR mixture. To determine the curing conditions, we studied the curing behavior of the system by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Modulus variations of the cured bulk epoxies were studied using a dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA) in the dual cantilever mode. The flexural modulus of the cured epoxies at various temperatures (−40, −10, 20, 50, and 80 °C) showed the same tendency as the DMA results, and as the flexural strength, except at 0 phr. On the other hand, the strain at break exhibited the opposite tendency to the flexural modulus. To study the adhesion behavior, we performed single-lap joint (SLJ) and impact wedge-peel (IWP) tests. As the CSR content increased, the strength of the SLJ and dynamic resistance to the cleavage of the IWP improved. In particular, the SLJ showed excellent strength at low temperatures (32.74 MPa at 50 phr @ −40 °C (i.e., an 190% improvement compared to 17.2 MPa at 0 phr @ −40 °C)), and the IWP showed excellent energy absorption at high temperatures (21.73 J at 50 phr @ 80 °C (i.e., a 976% improvement compared to 2.07 J at 0 phr @ 80 °C)). The results were discussed in relation to the changes in the properties of the bulk epoxy depending on the temperature and CSR content. The morphology of the fracture surface was also provided, which offered useful information for composition studies using the CSR/epoxy system.

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Effect of creep on the mode II residual fracture energy of adhesives

Neto

Akhavan‐Safar

Sampaio

et al. 2021

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Viscous flow that often occurs in adhesive materials leads to a permanent deformation when adhesives are subjected to creep loading. Creep loading has a significant influence on the strength of bonded structures. Due to the viscous behavior, the fracture energy also may change with time for joints that experience creep loading in service. In this work the effects of two creep parameters (creep load and time) on the residual mode II fracture energy of an adhesive was investigated using end notched flexure (ENF) specimens. To achieve this, ENF samples were subjected to different creep loading levels at different creep times followed by quasi static tests to obtain the residual shear fracture energy of the adhesive. Experimental results showed that pre-creep loading of the bonded structures can significantly improve the fracture energy and the static strength of the joints.

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Effect of temperature on the mechanical properties of adhesively bonded basalt FRP-aluminum alloy joints in the automotive industry

Cited by 52 publications

References 25 publications

Non-Fickian Absorption Characteristics of Adhesive Joints: Capillary Effects and Residual Properties

Non-Fickian Absorption Characteristics of Adhesive Joints: Capillary Effects and Residual Properties

Mechanical Characterization of Core-Shell Rubber/Epoxy Polymers for Automotive Structural Adhesives as a Function of Operating Temperature

Effect of creep on the mode II residual fracture energy of adhesives

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