Effect of Tendering Process on Performance of Supply Chain Functions in Machakos County, Kenya

Abstract

IntroductionPublic procurement is the acquisition (through buying or purchasing) of goods and services by government or public organizations. Arrowsmith (2016) contends that the concept of public procurement can be referred to as procurement planning, contract placement and contract administration. Procurement framework has been used as a significant apparatus for accomplishing financial, social, and different destinations (Arrow, 2016). The open division's procurement framework is broadly defined as the purchasing, hiring, or acquiring of goods, development works, and administrations via other legally obligatory ways (Kipchilat, 2016). It is a major government function that organizes the largest home display in many countries. If properly managed, the procurement system may contribute to a country's financial development by increasing its economy and proficiency.Procurement, as a global activity, seeks to accomplish a number of goals. Economy, efficiency, fairness (nondiscrimination among prospective suppliers), responsibility, and openness are just a few of them. Savings in buying transaction costs as a consequence of less paperwork, fewer errors, and a more effective purchasing process are some of the advantages of implementing modern procurement (Eyaa & Oluka, 2016). Green procurement, ethical procurement, such as avoiding labor abuses in the supply chain, and social impact procurement, which aims to create economic possibilities for local companies and targeted employee groups, continue to be successfully blended in North American nations. In Asia, nations like China, Thailand, and Malaysia are gradually embracing SPP, following the regional giants such as Japan and the Republic of Korea. A growing number of nations in Latin America are creating, adopting, and implementing SPP policies (United Nations, 2015).The procurement process in the Nigerian construction sector is characterized by a lack of fundamental understanding of electronic procurement and the absence of basic equipment required for the procedure's use. Other issues influencing electronic procurement implementation include inconsistent power supply, financial consequences of setting up electronic procurement infrastructure, and low telecoms infrastructure rank (Oyediran & Akintola's, 2016).

The impact of perceived organizational politics and political risk on project success through ethical leadership and the psychological contract

“…Likewise PC applies social, moral, psychological and emotional pragmatism, trains and coaches knowledge workers, builds and motivates them, and encourages their efforts, turning risky projects into successful ones (Ko et al, 2018). Furthermore, EL gives a new perspective, philosophy, enthusiasm, optimism and direction to a project, and brings all stakeholders on board by convincing, persuading and influencing them to unite for the successful implementation of the project (Chepkoech and Rotich, 2017;Millhollan and Kaarst-Brown, 2016).…”

“…Similarly, developing corporate culture and mandating government policies create an atmosphere in which political leadership is followed for PS (Bhatti and Kiyani, 2019). Furthermore, through emotional intelligence, ethical leaders recognize the strengths, inner and hidden faculties, preferences and beliefs of their knowledge workers and assign them appropriate roles that contribute to PR (Chepkoech and Rotich, 2017;Millhollan and Kaarst-Brown, 2016). Based on these findings, premises and theories, we propose the following:…”

“…PR is the risk that investors face due to political instability, political events, political decisions or political conditions, which significantly affect project investment processes, and the expected investment values under uncertain economic situations. Contextual research findings suggest that organizations, corporations and portfolios invest in settings that perceive better political stability with an above-average return (Chepkoech and Rotich, 2017;Shakhov and Piterska, 2018). It is very rational and logical that individuals and organizations avoid investing in locations where their physical and financial safety and security are threatened (Embrechts et al, 2003;Khan et al, 2018).…”

“…It has been argued that POP is not an objective enough phenomenon to be understood consistently by every individual in an organization, especially in the projectized environment; rather, it is perceived differently by each person. Hence, it is labeled "perceived organizational politics" rather than "organizational politics," as the second construct looks more to political processes, collaborations, wills, strategies and philosophies (Chepkoech and Rotich, 2017). The threefactor classification scheme is the most accepted one among researchers and theorists of POP.…”

“…2.8.4 Psychological contracting by ethical leadership for political risk. The psychological contract is rooted in psychology and organizational behaviors in the work of Chris Argyris and Edgar Schein during the 1960s (Chepkoech and Rotich, 2017;Sa gnak, 2017). It refers to knowledge of workers' expectations, ambitions, desires, beliefs and employers' obligations.…”