Effect of the dilution process on the attenuation of contaminants in aquifers

Lasagna, Manuela; Luca, Domenico Antonio De; Debernardi, Laura; Clemente, Paolo

doi:10.1007/s12665-013-2336-9

Cited by 35 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…These results are consistent with previous studies (Lasagna et al 2005;Debernardi et al 2008;Lasagna et al 2013;Lasagna et al 2015;Lasagna et al 2016b).…”

Section: % Of Monitored Points Have Nitrate Concentration Between Lsupporting

confidence: 94%

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Evaluation of sources and fate of nitrates in the western Po plain groundwater (Italy) using nitrogen and boron isotopes

Lasagna

Luca

2017

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Diffuse nitrate pollution in groundwater is currently considered one of the major causes of water quality degradation. Determining the sources of nitrate contamination is an important first step for a better management of water quality. Thus, the isotopic composition of nitrate (δN and δO) and boron (δB) were used to evaluate nitrate contamination sources and to identify geochemical processes occurring in the shallow and deep aquifers of the Turin-Cuneo plain (NW Italy). The study area is essentially an agricultural zone, where use of synthetic nitrogenous fertilizers and organic manure is a common practice and the connection to sewer services is locally lacking. Also livestock farming are highly developed. A groundwater sampling campaign was performed on 34 wells in the shallow aquifer and 8 wells in the deep aquifers, to analyze nitrate, chloride, boron, δN, δO and δB. Isotope data of nitrate indicate that nitrate contamination in the Turin-Cuneo plain originates from mixtures of synthetic and organic sources, slightly affected by denitrification, and manure or septic tank effluents. Moreover, boron isotopes were used to discriminate further among the main anthropogenic sources of pollution. The analyses results confirm that both animal manure and domestic sewage, especially under the city of Turin, can contribute to the nitrate contamination. The isotope analysis was also used for the evaluation of denitrification and nitrification processes: contrary to expectations, a significant denitrification phenomenon was assessed only in the shallow unconfined aquifer, especially in the Poirino Plateau, the most contaminated sector of the study area.

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“…These results are consistent with previous studies (Lasagna et al 2005;Debernardi et al 2008;Lasagna et al 2013;Lasagna et al 2015;Lasagna et al 2016b).…”

Section: % Of Monitored Points Have Nitrate Concentration Between Lsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…The land use in the plain can be identified as the cause of a groundwater nitrate contamination, especially for the shallow aquifer (Lasagna et al 2006(Lasagna et al , 2013Debernardi et al 2008). Currently in Piedmont NVZs occupy 407500 ha, that represent approximately 38% of the regional utilised agricultural area and about 54% of the plain area (Fig.…”

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confidence: 99%

Evaluation of sources and fate of nitrates in the western Po plain groundwater (Italy) using nitrogen and boron isotopes

Lasagna

Luca

2017

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…Consequently, dilution after rainfall is also an important mechanism of the attenuation of contamination in aquifer systems [42]. According to Lasagna et al [43], the dilution potential is independent of the chemical conditions which are mostly dominated by the volumetric flow. The specific parameters (hydraulic conductivity, hydraulic gradient, and thickness) of the aquifer are responsible for the volumetric flow.…”

Section: Effects Of Rainfallmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various possible phenomenon can be discussed in the increment of NO 3 -N, specifically during wet season. Basically, NO 3 -N entered into the unsaturated zone are not entirely eliminated during the dry season due to denitrification and it consequently remains there for a certain period of time [43], where the retention time depends upon the permeability and water table level. The groundwater levels during wet season are relatively close to the ground surface which then behaves as a medium in transporting the contaminants in groundwater those were retained in an unsaturated zone especially during wet season.…”

Section: Factors Controlling No 3 -N In Shallow Groundwatermentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Groundwater Quality Status and Nitrogen Contamination in the Shallow Aquifer System of the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

Shakya

Nakamura

Kamei

et al. 2019

Water

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: The increasing concentration of nitrogen compounds in the groundwater is of a growing concern in terms of human health and groundwater quality. Although an excess of nitrogen compounds in the groundwater of the Kathmandu Valley has been reported, the seasonal variations of the fate of the nitrogen compounds and their relationships to the subsurface sediments are unknown. In this study, spatially distributed shallow dug well samples were collected during both the dry and wet seasons of 2016, and the nitrogen compound, chloride (Cl−), and iron (Fe2+) concentrations were analyzed. Two shallow dug wells and one deep tube well were monitored monthly for 2 years. Although NH4-N concentrations were similar in the clay-dominated areas during both seasons (1 and 0.9 mg-N/L), they were lower in the gravel-dominated areas during wet season (1.8 > 0.6 mg-N/L). The NO3-N concentration differed depending upon the soil type which increased during the wet season (clay 4.9 < 13.6 mg-N/L and gravel 2.5 < 6.8 mg-N/L). The Fe2+ concentration, however, was low during the wet season (clay 2.7 > 0.4 mg/L and gravel 2.8 > 0.3 mg/L). Long-term analysis showed higher fluctuation of nitrogen compounds in the gravel-bearing areas than in the clay-bearing areas.

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“…Despite the large amount of available nitrate contamination data, the vertical nitrate distribution in groundwater has never been studied in this plain. However, the Piedmont plain aquifer is the most important water reservoir in the Piedmont Region due to its size, deposit characteristics and recharge potential (Lasagna et al 2013). Therefore, aquifer pollution studies can provide knowledge for groundwater management and preservation in the Cuneo Plain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of multilevel sampling techniques for determining shallow aquifer nitrate profiles

Lasagna

Luca

2016

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Nitrate is a worldwide pollutant in aquifers. Shallow aquifer nitrate concentrations generally display vertical stratification, with a maximum concentration immediately below the water level. The concentration then gradually decreases with depth. Different techniques can be used to highlight this stratification. The paper aims at comparing the advantages and limitations of three open hole multilevel sampling techniques (packer system, dialysis membrane samplers and bailer), chosen on the base of a literary review, to highlight a nitrate vertical stratification under the assumption of (sub)horizontal flow in the aquifer. The sampling systems were employed at three different times of the year in a shallow aquifer piezometer in northern Italy. The optimal purge time, equilibration time and water volume losses during the time in the piezometer were evaluated. Multilevel techniques highlighted a similar vertical nitrate stratification, present throughout the year. Indeed, nitrate concentrations generally decreased with depth downwards, but with significantly different levels in the sampling campaigns. Moreover, the sampling techniques produced different degrees of accuracy. More specifically, the dialysis membrane samplers provided the most accurate hydrochemical profile of the shallow aquifer and they appear to be necessary when the objective is to detect the discontinuities in the nitrate profile. Bailer and packer system showed the same nitrate profile with little differences of concentration. However, the bailer resulted much more easier to use.

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Effect of the dilution process on the attenuation of contaminants in aquifers

Cited by 35 publications

References 21 publications

Evaluation of sources and fate of nitrates in the western Po plain groundwater (Italy) using nitrogen and boron isotopes

Evaluation of sources and fate of nitrates in the western Po plain groundwater (Italy) using nitrogen and boron isotopes

Seasonal Groundwater Quality Status and Nitrogen Contamination in the Shallow Aquifer System of the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

The use of multilevel sampling techniques for determining shallow aquifer nitrate profiles

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