Effect of the Estrous Cycle on Olfactory Bulb Response to Vaginocervical Stimulation in the Rat

Guevara‐Guzmán, Rosalinda; Barrera-Mera, Baltazar; Weiss, Mark L.

doi:10.1016/s0361-9230(97)00103-2

Cited by 20 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…These EEG data agree with other studies which have reported that cerebral functionality changes in relation to estrous phases [2,6,7,44], and that the sensitivity and functioning of the PFC and Acc vary in accordance with both the reproductive state and the auditory stimulation to which female rats are exposed.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The estrous cycle is a physiological process modulated by hormonal changes associated with alterations in the attraction or sensitivity with which females perceive different sensory stimuli [1,2]. Perception of sensory stimuli, especially those of an olfactory and somatosensory nature [1,2], anxiety levels [3], the willingness of cycling female rats to show maternal behavior [4], pain thresholds [5] and the excitability and electrical activity of several brain structures [2,6,7] are known to vary across the estrous cycle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prefrontal and Accumbal Electric Activity during Auditory Stimulation in Virgin Female Rats: Changes Related to the Estrous Cycle

Hernández‐González¹,

Abascal²,

Guevara³

et al. 2013

JBBS

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The estrous cycle is a physiological process modulated by hormonal changes associated, in turn, with alterations of the attraction or sensitivity with which females perceive different sensory stimuli. Auditory stimuli play an important role in the social interaction of several mammals, including their sexual behavior and the mother-young relationship. Since the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and nucleus accumbens (Acc) had been associated with the processing and assignation of the incentive value of stimuli, this study was designed to analyze whether electroencephalographic (EEG) activity in the PFC and Acc was modified during the two antagonist phases of the estrous cycle (proestrus-estrus and diestrus) when female rats heard sound recordings with different types of cries emitted by other rats. EEGs were recorded in eight female virgin Wistar rats, 80 -100 days old, bilaterally implanted in the PFC and Acc during an awake-quiet state, in three conditions: when hearing 1) cries of pups; 2) cries of adult male rats; and, 3) cries of adult female rats. The cries were recorded from pups (2 -10 days old) and male and female adult rats after gentle prodding by a human hand. Each auditory stimulus (which included vocalizations up to 22 kHz) was randomly played back through a speaker placed near the female rats. Only upon perceiving the cries of male rats did the females in the proestrus-estrous phase show a lower relative power in the 14 -30 Hz band in the Acc and an increased inter-prefrontal correlation in the 8 -13 Hz band. It is probable that these EEG changes are associated with the lower activation or non-anxious state that the female rat presents specifically during the proestrus-estrous phase in response to the alarm cries of adult male rats.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prefrontal and Accumbal Electric Activity during Auditory Stimulation in Virgin Female Rats: Changes Related to the Estrous Cycle

Hernández‐González¹,

Abascal²,

Guevara³

et al. 2013

JBBS

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“…For example, when females of different species mate or are exposed to male bedding or male urine Fos expression increase significantly in the AOB [36], [39], [40], [41], [42]. Also, an increase in Fos expression in the AOB has been described after vaginocervical stimulation [43]. Similar activation of the AOB granule cell layer by Arc (an immediate early gene) was reported after sexual activity and pheromone stimulation [44], [45].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Paced-Mating Increases the Number of Adult New Born Cells in the Internal Cellular (Granular) Layer of the Accessory Olfactory Bulb

2011

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The continuous production and addition of new neurons during life in the olfactory bulb is well accepted and has been extensively studied in rodents. This process could allow the animals to adapt to a changing environment. Olfactory neurogenesis begins in the subventricular zone where stem cells proliferate and give rise to young undifferentiated neuroblasts that migrate along the rostral migratory stream to the olfactory bulb (OB). Olfaction is crucial for the expression of sexual behavior in rodents. In female rats, the ability to control the rate of sexual interactions (pacing) has important physiological and behavioral consequences. In the present experiment we evaluated if pacing behavior modifies the rate of new cells that reach the main and accessory olfactory bulb. The BrdU marker was injected before and after different behavioral tests which included: females placed in a mating cage (control), females allowed to pace the sexual interaction, females that mated but were not able to control the rate of the sexual interaction and females exposed to a sexually active male. Subjects were sacrificed fifteen days after the behavioral test. We observed a significant increase in the density of BrdU positive cells in the internal cellular layer of the accessory olfactory bulb when females paced the sexual interaction in comparison to the other 3 groups. No differences in the cell density in the main olfactory bulb were found. These results suggest that pacing behavior promotes an increase in density of the new cells in the accessory olfactory bulb.

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“…For example, Binns and Brennan demonstrated that mating in female mice induces a significant change in baseline activity in local field potential (LFP) in the granular cells of the AOB, resulting in significantly higher baseline LFP power in the frequency bands related to sensory perception and long-range interaction between brain regions (Binns and Brennan, 2005). Vaginal stimulation in females during proestrous-estrous also induces an increase in the firing rate in cells of the mitral cell layer of the MOB (Guevara-Guzman et al, 1997). In the same study, an increase in the number of cells that express cFos was reported in the GrCL of the AOB and in the GlCL and external plexiform layers of the MOB in proestrous-estrous females after vaginal stimulation (Guevara-Guzman et al, 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vaginal stimulation in females during proestrous-estrous also induces an increase in the firing rate in cells of the mitral cell layer of the MOB (Guevara-Guzman et al, 1997). In the same study, an increase in the number of cells that express cFos was reported in the GrCL of the AOB and in the GlCL and external plexiform layers of the MOB in proestrous-estrous females after vaginal stimulation (Guevara-Guzman et al, 1997). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual activity increases the number of newborn cells in the accessory olfactory bulb of male rats

Portillo¹,

Unda²,

Camacho³

et al. 2012

Front. Neuroanat.

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In rodents, sexual behavior depends on the adequate detection of sexually relevant stimuli. The olfactory bulb (OB) is a region of the adult mammalian brain undergoing constant cell renewal by continuous integration of new granular and periglomerular neurons in the accessory (AOB) and main (MOB) olfactory bulbs. The proliferation, migration, survival, maturation, and integration of these new cells to the OB depend on the stimulus that the subjects received. We have previously shown that 15 days after females control (paced) the sexual interaction an increase in the number of cells is observed in the AOB. No changes are observed in the number of cells when females are not allowed to control the sexual interaction. In the present study we investigated if in male rats sexual behavior increases the number of new cells in the OB. Male rats were divided in five groups: (1) males that did not receive any sexual stimulation, (2) males that were exposed to female odors, (3) males that mated for 1 h and could not pace their sexual interaction, (4) males that paced their sexual interaction and ejaculated one time and (5) males that paced their sexual interaction and ejaculated three times. All males received three injections of the DNA synthesis marker bromodeoxyuridine at 1h intervals, starting 1 h before the beginning of the behavioral test. Fifteen days later, males were sacrificed and the brains were processed to identify new cells and to evaluate if they differentiated into neurons. The number of newborn cells increased in the granular cell layer (GrCL; also known as the internal cell layer) of the AOB in males that ejaculated one or three times controlling (paced) the rate of the sexual interaction. Some of these new cells were identified as neurons. In contrast, no significant differences were found in the mitral cell layer (also known as the external cell layer) and glomerular cell layer (GlCL) of the AOB. In addition, no significant differences were found between groups in the MOB in any of the layers analyzed. Our results indicate that sexual behavior in male rats increases neurogenesis in the GrCL of the AOB when they control the rate of the sexual interaction.

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Effect of the Estrous Cycle on Olfactory Bulb Response to Vaginocervical Stimulation in the Rat

Cited by 20 publications

References 58 publications

Prefrontal and Accumbal Electric Activity during Auditory Stimulation in Virgin Female Rats: Changes Related to the Estrous Cycle

Prefrontal and Accumbal Electric Activity during Auditory Stimulation in Virgin Female Rats: Changes Related to the Estrous Cycle

Paced-Mating Increases the Number of Adult New Born Cells in the Internal Cellular (Granular) Layer of the Accessory Olfactory Bulb

Sexual activity increases the number of newborn cells in the accessory olfactory bulb of male rats

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