Effect of the experimental parameters on the structure of nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes produced by aerosol chemical vapour deposition

Koós, Antal A.; Dowling, Michael; Jurkschat, Kerstin; Crossley, Alison; Grobert, Nicole

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2008.08.014

Cited by 127 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 32 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…N-MWCNTs were produced with solutions of 5 wt% ferrocene [Fe(C 5 H 5 ) 2 ] in benzylamine 32 and acetonitrile. 33 The N/C ratio in acetonitrile and benzylamine are 1 : 2 and 1 : 7 respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlling pyridinic, pyrrolic, graphitic, and molecular nitrogen in multi-wall carbon nanotubes using precursors with different N/C ratios in aerosol assisted chemical vapor deposition

Bulusheva

Окотруб

Fedoseeva

et al. 2015

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Nitrogen-containing multi-wall carbon nanotubes (N-MWCNTs) were synthesized using aerosol assisted chemical vapor deposition (CVD) techniques in conjunction with benzylamine:ferrocene or acetonitrile: ferrocene mixtures. Different amounts of toluene were added to these mixtures in order to change the N/C ratio of the feedstock. X-ray photoelectron and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy detected pyridinic, pyrrolic, graphitic, and molecular nitrogen forms in the N-MWCNT samples. Analysis of the spectral data indicated that whilst the nature of the nitrogen-containing precursor has little effect on the concentrations of the different forms of nitrogen in N-MWCNTs, the N/C ratio in the feedstock appeared to be the determining factor. When the N/C ratio was lower than ca. 0.01, all four forms existed in equal concentrations, for N/C ratios above 0.01, graphitic and molecular nitrogen were dominant. Furthermore, higher concentrations of pyridinic nitrogen in the outer shells and N 2 molecules in the core of the as-produced N-MWCNTs suggest that the precursors were decomposed into individual atoms, which interacted with the catalyst surface to form CN and NH species or in fact diffused through the bulk of the catalyst particles. These findings are important for a better understanding of possible growth mechanisms for heteroatom-containing carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and therefore paving the way for controlling the spatial distribution of foreign elements in the CNTs using CVD processes.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlling pyridinic, pyrrolic, graphitic, and molecular nitrogen in multi-wall carbon nanotubes using precursors with different N/C ratios in aerosol assisted chemical vapor deposition

Bulusheva

Окотруб

Fedoseeva

et al. 2015

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In order to achieve uniform incorporation of nitrogen in the graphene lattice, the nitrogen precursor was introduced simultaneously with the carbon precursor. Since the incorporation of nitrogen in graphitic carbon network is more likely at lower temperatures 11 and nitrogen atoms are less strongly bound to Cu surfaces than carbon atoms, 16 it is expected that graphene grown at lower temperature should have higher nitrogen content. Therefore we investigated the effect of the synthesis temperature and the ammonia flow rate on the dopant concentration, growth rate, nucleation density and coverage of nitrogen-doped graphene.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, increasing the growth temperature from 800 to 900 1C decreased the nitrogen content of carbon nanotubes by half. 11 On the other hand, Kidambe…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of temperature and ammonia flow rate on the chemical vapour deposition growth of nitrogen-doped graphene

Koós

Murdock

Nemes-Incze

et al. 2014

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

aWe doped graphene in situ during synthesis from methane and ammonia on copper in a low-pressure chemical vapour deposition system, and investigated the effect of the synthesis temperature and ammonia concentration on the growth. Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to investigate the quality and nitrogen content of the graphene and demonstrated that decreasing the synthesis temperature and increasing the ammonia flow rate results in an increase in the concentration of nitrogen dopants up to ca. 2.1% overall. However, concurrent SEM studies demonstrate that decreasing both the growth temperature from 1000 to 900 1C and increasing the N/C precursor ratio from 1/50 to 1/10 significantly decreased the growth rate by a factor of six overall. Using scanning tunneling microscopy we show that the nitrogen was incorporated mainly in substitutional configuration, while current imaging tunneling spectroscopy showed that the effect of the nitrogen on the density of states was visible only over a few atom distances.

show abstract

“…The heat-treatment of carbon materials in the presence of nitrogen precursor has been usually carried out at temperatures between 700 and 1000 °C, which has been found to be optimum temperature for N-doping [37]. Alike to undoped carbon materials, the ORR activity of N-doped carbons is much lower in acidic media than in the solutions of high pH [38].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly active nitrogen-doped nanocarbon electrocatalysts for alkaline direct methanol fuel cell

Kruusenberg

Ratso

Vikkisk

et al. 2015

Journal of Power Sources

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Effect of the experimental parameters on the structure of nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes produced by aerosol chemical vapour deposition

Cited by 127 publications

References 32 publications

Controlling pyridinic, pyrrolic, graphitic, and molecular nitrogen in multi-wall carbon nanotubes using precursors with different N/C ratios in aerosol assisted chemical vapor deposition

Controlling pyridinic, pyrrolic, graphitic, and molecular nitrogen in multi-wall carbon nanotubes using precursors with different N/C ratios in aerosol assisted chemical vapor deposition

Effects of temperature and ammonia flow rate on the chemical vapour deposition growth of nitrogen-doped graphene

Highly active nitrogen-doped nanocarbon electrocatalysts for alkaline direct methanol fuel cell

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About