Effect of the Microstructure of the Functional Layers on the Efficiency of Perovskite Solar Cells

Abstract

The efficiencies of the hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells have been rapidly approaching the benchmarks held by the leading thin-film photovoltaic technologies. Arguably, one of the most important factors leading to this rapid advancement is the ability to manipulate the microstructure of the perovskite layer and the adjacent functional layers within the device. Here, an analysis of the nucleation and growth models relevant to the formation of perovskite films is provided, along with the effect of the perovskite microstructure (grain sizes and voids) on device performance. In addition, the effect of a compact or mesoporous electron-transport-layer (ETL) microstructure on the perovskite film formation and the optical/photoelectric properties at the ETL/perovskite interface are overviewed. Insight into the formation of the functional layers within a perovskite solar cell is provided, and potential avenues for further development of the perovskite microstructure are identified.

Soft Template‐Controlled Growth of High‐Quality CsPbI3 Films for Efficient and Stable Solar Cells

“…Sufficient nucleation sites are certainly required for the complete coverage over the underlying substrate during the subsequent high‐temperature annealing process . To understand the phenomenon of the nucleation boom, the interaction between ADMA and the perovskite was first simulated using density functional theory (DFT) calculations.…”

“…The regulation of the nucleation and growth rates has been identified as an efficient strategy for enhanced film coverage, which confirms that sufficient nucleation is expected to occur before the rapid growth onset . Recently, a solvent‐controlled growth (SCG) method was introduced to enhance the mass transport and diffusion, which successfully optimized the monomer concentration at a positive supersaturation region for a higher nucleation ratio .…”

Metal Oxides as Efficient Charge Transporters in Perovskite Solar Cells

“…[52] For example, when mesoporous oxide charge-transporting layers are used, cautions need to be taken to fill the pores with perovskite precursor solution. Potential large-scale industrial module production requires the development of high-quality synthesis of both the perovskite layers and the charge transporting layers, and the morphology and property of such layers are often correlated.…”

Emerging solar cells energy trade-off: Interface engineering materials impact on stability and efficiency progress

“…The electron‐hole separation is dogged by hot carrier dynamics in OSC and PSC . ESC active materials physically coupled to IEMs, the interface microstructure and materials are potential to absorber materials band edge alignment or not that influences on carrier extraction, transport, and recombination process . Optical transition through IEM's (normal or inverted) influences of active materials absorption to emission process.…”