Effect of the Various Steps in the Processing of Human Milk in the Concentrations of IgA, IgM, and Lactoferrin

Arroyo, Gerardo; Barrientos, Kevin Alexander Ortiz; Lange, Karla; Nave, Federico; Mas, Gabriela Miss; Aguilar, Pamela Lam; Galindo, Miguel Angel Soto

doi:10.1089/bfm.2016.0154

Cited by 15 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 19 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The process of freezing, thawing, pasteurising and freezing and thawing again reportedly decreases the lactoferrin concentration in human milk by 70% . Other studies have demonstrated that 91% of lactoferrin was lost after the pasteurisation of previously frozen milk and that pasteurised donor milk had a 44% lower lactoferrin concentration than fresh milk .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Review shows that donor milk does not promote the growth and development of preterm infants as well as maternal milk

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aim This nonsystematic review examined differences in the composition of raw maternal breastmilk and pasteurised donor milk and possible health effects on preterm infants. Methods We searched PubMed up to July 2018 for studies published in English that focused on four comparisons as follows: raw maternal milk versus donor milk, human milk before and after Holder pasteurisation, milk from mothers who delivered preterm and at term and milk collected during early and late lactation. We also searched for possible effects of the milk components, as well as the effects of maternal and donor milk on preterm infants’ health. Results Raw maternal milk contained factors involved in antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory defence, gut microbiome establishment and the maturation of immune defences, food tolerability and metabolism. Many of these factors were reduced or abolished in processed donor milk. Both maternal milk and donor milk have been associated with a reduced incidence of necrotising enterocolitis. High‐dose feeding with maternal milk during the neonatal period reportedly reduced the risk of other morbidities and promoted growth and neurodevelopment. Conclusion Many of the components in raw maternal breastmilk were lacking in pasteurised donor milk, which was inferior in promoting the growth and development of very preterm infants.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Review shows that donor milk does not promote the growth and development of preterm infants as well as maternal milk

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Freezing milk has been shown to impact the concentrations of lactoferrin and IgA. 39,40,43,44 However, a strength of the study is that each mother's FFHM serves as a control. As both FFHM and DFHM samples were frozen for the same length of time, we expect that any protein degradation would affect these samples equally and not significantly impact our main findings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Milk Retains Important Immunologic Properties After Defatting

Jackson

Gregg

Tutor

et al. 2019

J Parenter Enteral Nutr

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: In neonatal chylothorax, thoracic lymphatic drainage is ineffective. The resultant effusions often require drainage, leading to a loss of immune components. Affected infants can be managed with formula or defatted human milk feedings low in long chain triglycerides to decrease lymph production. We hypothesized that there is no significant difference in the immunological profile or antibacterial effect of full fat and defatted human milk. Methods: Milk from lactating mothers was divided into one aliquot that was defatted via centrifugation with the full fat aliquot as control. Macronutrient content was analyzed with mid-infrared spectroscopy. Flow cytometry was used to measure immune cell populations. Lactoferrin, lysozyme, IgA and IgG values were determined using ELISA. The antibacterial properties were determined by inoculating paired full fat and defatted milk samples with Escherichia coli or Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria and performing colony counts. Results: Compared to full fat milk, defatted milk demonstrated decreased total energy and fat and increased carbohydrate concentrations. Defatted milk demonstrated a significant decrease in all immune cell populations. There was no difference in IgA, IgG, lysozyme or lactoferrin concentrations. Both aliquots demonstrated equivalent

show abstract

“…IgM quantification in mature milk depends highly on collection timing, which is even more spread out and usually performed in intervals expressed in months, such as m1-m12 [67], m3-m18 [100], or even longer periods (m3-m26) [105]. In many studies, IgM levels have been described in mature milk, but without defining the specific collection time [91,93,95,99,[105][106][107].…”

Section: Igm Concenration In Breast Milkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of the studies evaluating IgM in colostrum used RIT, especially those performed a long time ago [47], and only more recent ones applied ELISA techniques [42,78]. IgM quantification in transition and mature milk also included nephelometry [96], turbidimetry [106], and Luminex [91] in addition to the ones mentioned previously. Although it is difficult to draw any conclusion, the data from the studies included here, especially in mature milk, seem to show that the turbidimetric and nephelometric assays provide much higher concentrations of IgM (10-100 times) than those using other techniques, such as ELISA or multiplex assays (Table 4).…”

Section: Igm Concenration In Breast Milkmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Breast Milk Immunoglobulinome

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Breast milk components contribute to the infant’s immune development and protection, and among other immune factors, immunoglobulins (Igs) are the most studied. The presence of IgA in milk has been known for a long time; however, less information is available about the presence of other Igs such as IgM, IgG, and their subtypes (IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4) or even IgE or IgD. The total Ig concentration and profile will change during the course of lactation; however, there is a great variability among studies due to several variables that limit establishing a clear pattern. In this context, the aim of this review was firstly to shed light on the Ig concentration in breast milk based on scientific evidence and secondly to study the main factors contributing to such variability. A search strategy provided only 75 studies with the prespecified eligibility criteria. The concentrations and proportions found have been established based on the intrinsic factors of the study—such as the sampling time and quantification technique—as well as participant-dependent factors, such as lifestyle and environment. All these factors contribute to the variability of the immunoglobulinome described in the literature and should be carefully addressed for further well-designed studies and data interpretation.

show abstract

Effect of the Various Steps in the Processing of Human Milk in the Concentrations of IgA, IgM, and Lactoferrin

Abstract: The effects of milk processing on the immune proteins that were evaluated in this study demonstrated a significant reduction.

Cited by 15 publications

References 19 publications

Review shows that donor milk does not promote the growth and development of preterm infants as well as maternal milk

Review shows that donor milk does not promote the growth and development of preterm infants as well as maternal milk

Human Milk Retains Important Immunologic Properties After Defatting

The Breast Milk Immunoglobulinome

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About