Effect of Theobromine Consumption on Serum Lipoprotein Profiles in Apparently Healthy Humans with Low HDL-Cholesterol Concentrations

Abstract

Scope: Theobromine is a major active compound in cocoa with allegedly beneficial effect on high-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-CH). We have investigated the effect of theobromine (TB) consumption on the concentrations of triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol (CH) in various lipoprotein (LP) subclasses.Methods: In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study, 44 apparently healthy women and men (age: 60 ± 6 years, BMI: 29 ± 3 kg/m2) with low baseline HDL-CH concentrations consumed a drink supplemented with 500 mg/d theobromine for 4 weeks. TG and CH concentrations in 15 LP subclasses were predicted from diffusion-edited 1H NMR spectra of fasting serum.Results: The LP phenotype of the subjects was characterized by low CH concentrations in the large HDL particles and high TG concentrations in large VLDL and chylomicron (CM) particles, which clearly differed from a LP phenotype of subjects with normal HDL-CH. TB only reduced CH concentrations in the LDL particles by 3.64 and 6.79%, but had no effect on TG and CH in any of the HDL, VLDL and CM subclasses.Conclusion: TB was not effective on HDL-CH in subjects with a LP phenotype characterized by low HDL-CH and high TG in VLDL.

Insulin resistance and metabonomics analysis of fatty liver haemorrhagic syndrome in laying hens induced by a high-energy low-protein diet

“…However, the concentrations of HDL-Ch in the FLHS models were noted to first increase and then decrease compared with those the controls. Numerous studies revealed that HDL-Ch is the “favourable cholesterol” in the mammal body and is presented as a scavenger that removes excess cholesterol from the bloodstream 21,22 . Increased fat synthesis leads to an HDL-Ch compensatory increase in transported peripheral excess lipids to the liver during the early stage of FLHS progression.…”

Pengaruh Penambahan Bubuk Kokoa Terhadap Sifat Kimia dan Organoleptik Snack Bar Biji Hanjeli

“…Kandungan lemak yang sedikit akibat proses pengolahan (Adeyeye, 2016) dan efek penurunan profil lipid dalam tubuh (Martínez-López et al, 2014;Jacobs et al, 2017;Davinelli et al, 2018) membuat bubuk kokoa dapat dijadikan alternatif pangan penderita hiperlipidemia.…”

Relation of Fruits and Vegetables with Major Cardiometabolic Risk Factors, Markers of Oxidation, and Inflammation

“…The results showed that regular consumption of a flavanol-rich soluble cocoa powder in milk improves HDL-c levels in normocholesterolemic and hypercholesterolemic subjects. In contrast, a RCT by Jacobs et al [160] studied the effect of theobromine consumption on TG and cholesterol in various lipoprotein subclass concentrations in 44 apparently healthy women and men (age: 60 ± 6 years, BMI: 29 ± 3 kg/m 2 ) and found that theobromine did not have a significant effect on HDL-c in individuals with a lipoprotein phenotype characterized by low HDL-c and high TG in VLDL [160].…”

“…and prevent the negative outcome of these diseases. However, while there is a great deal of evidence regarding the beneficial effects on CVD risk, there are also a few studies that have not found the same results [160,167]. The length of the intervention, the source of the cocoa, the bioactive compound studied (theobromine, proanthocyanidins, etc.…”