Effect of Thiophene Insertion on X-Shaped Anthracene-Based Hole-Transporting Materials in Perovskite Solar Cells

Abstract

In this work, two novel tetra-substituted X-shaped molecules X1 and X2 that were constructed with anthracene as the central core and arylamine as the donor groups have been synthesized. The HTMs X1 and X2 were synthesized in two steps from industrially accessible and moderately reasonable beginning reagents. These new HTMs are described in terms of utilization of light absorption, energy level, thermal properties, hole mobility (µh), and film-forming property. The photovoltaic performances of these HTMs were effectively assessed in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The devices based on these HTMs accomplished an overall efficiency of 16.10% for X1 and 10.25% for X2 under standard conditions (AM 1.5 G and 100 mW cm−2). This precise investigation provides another perspective on the use of HTMs in PSCs with various device configurations.

Ionization of hole-transporting materials as a method for improving the photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells

“…35–44 These HTMs have variety of structures (X-type, Y-type, or a liner) as well as templets (donor–π–donor (D–π–D), donor–acceptor (D–A) or donor–acceptor–donor (D–A–D)). 45–52 The majority of n–i–p and p–i–n PSC devices are based on cutting-edge HTMs such as 2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis( N , N -di-pmethoxyphenylamine)-9,9′-spirobifuorene ( Spiro-OMeTAD ), 53 which can be classified as X-type with D–π–D templet, and polymeric HTMs such as poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with poly(styrenesulfonate) [ PEDOT:PSS ], 54 respectively. New strategies for designing and synthesizing high-performance HTMs are in progress.…”

“…65–67 Additionally, using an electron-deficient heteroatom in the HTM gives a D–A–D configuration structure, which has tunable optical and electrical properties and improved charge carrier transport. 68–70 Further, various organic compounds with an X-type structure, 45,48,71,72 including the common Spiro-OMeTAD , with various functional cores and di- or tri-phenylamine units as side arms, have proven to be effective HTMs for PSCs. 47,73,74 The symmetric X-type arrangement can improve backbone π–π stacking interactions, which is beneficial in achieving high hole mobility.…”