Effect of Tillage Systems on the Dissipation of Prosulfocarb Herbicide

Scherner, Ananda; Schreiber, F.; Fomsgaard, Inge S.; Melander, Bo; Avila, Luis Antônio de; Kudsk, Per

doi:10.1017/wet.2017.103

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…When solar radiation penetrates a plant canopy, the R:FR ratio changes and affects signaling for seed germination and elongation growth. Our focus was not on seed germination, because seeds of these weed species can germinate before and after autumn-sown crops have been established (Scherner 2017) when the R:FR ratio is still high. Plants are affected by the decreasing R:FR under a canopy and often react by increased elongation growth and reduced branching (Gundel et al 2014).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They constitute an increasing problem to growers of winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.), winter barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.), and winter rye ( Secale cereale L.) due to the increased area of autumn-sown cereals and the widespread occurrence of herbicide-resistant biotypes (Andreasen and Streibig 2011; Andreasen and Stryhn 2008, 2012; Jensen and Kristensen 2013; Weber and Gut 2005). All species can germinate before and after these crops have been sown and established (Scherner 2017). While blackgrass and silky windgrass become tall plants, annual bluegrass plants are usually small.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Reduced Light Intensity on Grass Weeds

2017

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The effect of reduced light intensity on the growth and development of three common grass weeds, blackgrass, silky windgrass, and annual bluegrass, was studied. Two identical greenhouse experiments displaced in time were performed with six light levels aiming at 0%, 20%, 50%, 80%, 90%, and 95% shade corresponding to a mean daily light integral (DLI) of 12.4, 9.63, 7.13, 2.74, 0.95, and 0.69 mol m−2d−1in experiment 1 and 21.2, 18.0, 10.7, 3.71, 1.64, 1.20 mol m−2d−1in experiment 2. Climate screens of acrylic fabric were used to create the light levels. A DLI of 0.69 to 3.71 mol m−2d−1substantially reduced the plant height, the number of leaves, leaf chlorophyll content index, stomatal conductance, maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II, and dry matter of blackgrass. It also reduced plant height, the number of leaves, and dry matter and delayed flowering of windgrass and annual bluegrass. Annual bluegrass reacted most rapidly when light levels increased from the lowest levels by producing more leaves. DLI thresholds for blooming were estimated to be about 7.13 mol m−2d−1for windgrass and 1.64 mol m−2d−1for annual bluegrass. Annual bluegrass was able to bloom and sustain biomass even at a DLI of 1.64 mol m−2d−1. This ability may contribute to an explanation of why annual bluegrass is among the most common weed species in highly competitive and well-fertilized crops even though it is much smaller than the two other grass species.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

The Effect of Reduced Light Intensity on Grass Weeds

2017

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“…It exhibits significant water solubility and moderate soil absorption, and resistance to volatilization and photolysis [6]. Prosulfocarb is an active ingredient in Filon, a selective pre-and early post-emergence herbicide [33], and its main mode of action is inhibition of synthesis of long-chain fatty acids [3]. Sumialfa, containing the active ingredient esfenvalerate, functions as a pyrethroid insecticide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic effects of commercial pesticide preparations on biomarkers and reproductive success in earthworm Eisenia andrei

Lončarić,

Lackmann,

Bjedov

et al. 2024

Environ Sci Eur

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Chemical pollution resulting from pesticide usage has been a continuous issue since the 1960s, despite comprehensive European Union legislation designed to safeguard human health and the environment from the adverse effects of pesticides. While regulatory risk assessments primarily focus on the active ingredients, recent research indicates ecotoxicological impacts of commercial preparations on non-target organisms, particularly within the soil ecosystem where key species such as earthworms play a vital role in maintaining soil quality and fertility. Therefore, the aim of this study was the assessment of the long-term effects of the following respective commercial preparations: the insecticides Sumialfa (esfenvalerate) and Calypso (thiacloprid), as well as the herbicides Frontier (dimethenamid-p) and Filon (prosulfocarb) on the earthworm Eisenia andrei in standardized soil during long-term exposures of 7, 14, and 28 days. To study the possible effects on different levels of biological organization, enzymatic biomarkers: acetylcholinesterase (AChE), carboxylesterase (CES) glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx); non-enzymatic biomarkers: multixenobiotic resistance activity (MXR), levels of glutathione (GSH), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as reproductive success were investigated. While Calypso appeared to be the least toxic substance, all pesticides showed significant effect on multiobiomarker response in E. fetida. That being said, the response of MXR activity was significantly altered by all tested pesticides indicating MXR being the most sensitive endpoint of the present research. Recovery of MXR was observed after 28 days, however, only in case of exposure to Filon, while the recovery of CAT activity was recorded after 28 days as well, subsequent to Sumialfa exposure. Reproductive success was negatively impacted regarding the Frontier and Sumialfa exposure at the highest concentration (100 mg/kg) reflected in reduced number of cocoons, while only the exposure to Frontier (100 mg/kg) reduced the number of juveniles. Based on the results, it is important to include commercial pesticide formulations in pesticide risk assessments. The toxicity classifications of the studied pesticides suggest the potential detrimental consequences to the key soil species in terrestrial ecosystems at various concentrations. Future studies should include other soil species as well as investigation of higher levels of biological organization, i.e., behavioral endpoints, to determine the potential risks to terrestrial ecosystems.

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