Effect of Underwater Exercise on Lower-Extremity Function and Quality of Life in Post-Stroke Patients: A Pilot Controlled Clinical Trial

Evaluating the effectiveness of aquatic therapy on mobility, balance, and level of functional independence in stroke rehabilitation: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…One study 20 was conducted during the acute phase of stroke (<1 month), four studies 18,21-23 were conducted during the subacute phase of stroke (one to six months), and the remaining 14 studies 17,19,[24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] were conducted during the chronic stage (>six months). Among the 13 studies [19][20][21][22][23][24][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] reporting the type of stroke, ischemic stroke was experienced by 291 participants, and hemorrhagic stroke was experienced by 179 participants. Based on 17 studies [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][26][27][28][29][30][31][32]34,35 reporting the side of lesion, 299 participants were affected on the left side of the brain, and 307 participants were affected on the right side.…”

“…Among the 13 studies [19][20][21][22][23][24][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] reporting the type of stroke, ischemic stroke was experienced by 291 participants, and hemorrhagic stroke was experienced by 179 participants. Based on 17 studies [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][26][27][28][29][30][31][32]34,35 reporting the side of lesion, 299 participants were affected on the left side of the brain, and 307 participants were affected on the right side. Intervention and control group protocols are described in Supplemental Table 1.…”

“…The water temperature ranged from cool (26°C) to warm (38°C), with water temperature reported as cool (26°C-29.5°C) in two studies, 24,30 between cool and neutral in four studies, 20,21,26,31 neutral (33.5°C-35.5°C) in nine studies, [17][18][19]25,[27][28][29]33,35 between neutral and warm in one study, 32 and warm in one study (36°C-38.5°C). 23 Two studies did not report water temperature.…”

Efeito da hidroterapia no condicionamento cardiovascular e na qualidade de vida de pacientes após acidente vascular encefálico

“…No que diz respeito à análise dos escores para qualidade de vida, apenas os pacientes do grupo experimental obtiveram aumento significativa para o índice geral da EQVE-AVE em relação a condição inicial. Este resultado corrobora com o estudo de Matsumoto e coloboradores (2016) que constatou uma melhora significativa na qualidade de vida de indivíduos com sequela de AVE submetidos à hidroterapia em relação à condição inicial quando comparado à terapia convencional no solo 9 . Esta melhora foi atribuída aos benefícios da hidroterapia na recupera-ção da mobilidade, independência funcional e velocidade da marcha que foram considerados como preditores para escores mais altos de qualidade de vida 9,21 .…”

“…Os exercícios na água incorporam os princípios da flutuação que diminuem o peso dos membros e facilitam a execução de movimentos. Além disso, as propriedades físicas da água permitem o alívio da sobrecarga articular, relaxamento da musculatura espástica, flexibilização de tecidos moles e melhora do retorno venoso 9 . Por outro lado, exercícios no solo exigem maior quantidade de reações de equilíbrio que podem ser difíceis para pacientes hemiparéticos 10 .…”