The heteroatoms such as nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur of organic inhibitor play a crucial role on its corrosion inhibition behavior. In order to reveal their adsorption behavior and inhibition performance under illumination condition on steel surface, this study selects L‐cysteine as study object. On the basis of electrochemical measurement, surface analysis, and theoretical calculation, a promising increase in corrosion inhibition efficiency is observed when visible‐light is impinged on steel surface in sodium chloride solution with L‐cysteine. The enhanced performance is attributed to the sample surface photovoltaic effect, thereby facilitating both the thiol and the amino groups to tilt toward the surface.