Effect of Various Deposition Techniques, Electrode Materials and Posttreatment with Tetrabutylammonium and Tetrabutylphosphonium Salts on the Electrochemical Behavior and Stability of Various Prussian Blue Modified Electrodes

Abstract

The effect of various deposition techniques, electrode materials and posttreatment with tetrabutylammonium and tetrabutylphosphonium salts on the electrochemical behavior and stability of various Prussian blue (PB) modified electrodes, namely PB modified glassy carbon electrodes, silicate-film supported PB modified glassy carbon electrodes, PB-doped silicate glassy carbon electrodes, PB modified carbon ceramic electrodes using electrochemical deposition and PB modified carbon ceramic electrodes using chemical deposition is reported. Cyclic voltammetry and amperometric measurements of hydrogen peroxide were performed in a flow injection system while the carrier phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) with a flow rate of 0.8 mL min À1 was propelled into the electrochemical flow through cell housing the PB modified working electrode as well as an Ag j AgCl j 0.1 M KCl reference and a Pt auxiliary electrode. The results showed that the deposition procedure, electrode material and posttreatment with additional chemicals can significantly alter the stability and electrochemical behavior of the PB film. Among the studied PB modified electrodes, those based on carbon ceramic electrodes modified with a film of electropolymerized PB showed the best electrochemical stability.

Prussian Blue Modified Carbon Ionic Liquid Electrode: Electrochemical Characterization and Its Application for Hydrogen Peroxide and Glucose Measurements

“…The results obtained in the previous studies [6,23] show that the degree of hydration of the electropolymerized PB film strongly influences the electrochemical behavior and the conductivity of the film. Therefore, the influence of drying the film was examined by the placing the stabilized electrode in an oven at 60 8C for 1 h, at 45 8C for 1.5 h and at 23 8C for 24 h. CVs of the treated electrodes were then registered in phosphate buffer and compared with that obtained from untreated electrode.…”

“…A mixture of graphite powder and [C 8 Py][PF 6 ] with a ratio of 50/50 (w/w) was hand-mixed in a agate mortar and then a portion of the resulting paste was packed firmly into the glass tube (3.2 mm i.d.). The packed glass tube was then heated in an oven for 45 min at 80 8C and subsequently was allowed to cool to room temperature.…”

“…Double distilled water was used throughout. High purity graphite powder (particle size < 0.1 mm), n-octyl iodide, pyridine, ammonium hexafluorophosphate, maltose, sucrose, fructose, galactose, alanine, valin, glycine, ascorbic acid, CH 3 COONa, H 3 PO 4 , KOH, KCl, HCl, FeCl 3 , K 3 [Fe(CN) 6 ], K 4 [Fe(CN) 6 ] and H 2 O 2 (30%) were obtained from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Ethanol (96%), ammonium hydroxide (25%), tetraethylorthosilicate, Nafion perfluorinated ion-exchange (5% solution in 90% light alcohol), glutaraldehyde (GLU, grade 1, 25%), bovine serum albumin (BSA, fraction V, minimum 96%) were obtained from Fluka (Buchs, Switzerland).…”

“…No significant improvements were observed for electroactivity of the PB film and its stability by applying conditioning step. As a final result, ePB-CILE was fabricated using a procedure comprising two deposition and stabilization steps which is simpler than those [6,23] usually applied for the fabrication of PB modified glassy carbon.…”

“…The presented strategy for the fabrication CILE not only provides very low background comparable to common carbon paste electrodes but also shows surprisingly high electrochemical performance. Recently, a simple procedure for the fabrication of ionic liquid-carbon composite biosensor using [C 8 Py][PF 6 ] mixed with graphite powder and glucose oxidase for the detection of glucose has been presented [16]. Although, the proposed sensor without using mediator has shown electrocatalytic activity towards hydrogen peroxide but its low sensitivity is still a vital point.…”