Effect of wave-induced oscillatory flow on grazing by a subtidal sea urchin Strongylocentrotus nudus (A. Agassiz)

Kawamata, Shigeru

doi:10.1016/s0022-0981(97)00165-2

Cited by 114 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…At sites with strong current, where maximum current velocities ranged from 0.4 to 0.8 m s . In the laboratory, Kawamata (1998) observed that the rate of movement of Strongylocentrotus nudus decreased with increasing current velocity with an abrupt decrease beginning at 0.3 m s -1 (he also observed that feeding rate decreased with velocity). Our results are consistent with this study, but as other factors (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…At each site, we recorded current velocity over a tidal cycle on a calm day (using a Vector current meter, Nortek, Norway). We considered a strong current site as a location with a maximum current velocity of > 0.3 m s -1 (this velocity would likely limit the movement and feeding activity of urchins, Kawamata 1998). Locations with a maximum current velocity of < 0.3 m s -1 were considered as weak current sites.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Predation can limit the foraging activity of urchins, for example urchins that feed only at night to avoid visual predators (mainly fish) and return to refuges during the day (Carpenter 1984, Jones & Andrew 1990). Also, the movement of urchins can be affected by environmental factors such as current velocity and wave action (Lissner 1980, Dance 1987, Tertschnig 1989, Kawamata 1998, Freeman 2003, which can limit urchin grazing (Lissner 1980, Ebeling et al 1985, Kawamata 1998, Konar 2000. For example, grazing at the lower edges of the kelp beds is reduced in exposed areas because of wave action and the movement of algal fronds (Himmelman 1984, Konar 2000, Konar & Estes 2003.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Daily movement of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis in different subtidal habitats in eastern Canada

Dumont¹,

Himmelman²,

Russell³

2006

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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We measured the movement and orientation of sea urchins at 2 sites in each of 4 habitats on urchin barrens in the northern Gulf of St. Lawrence, eastern Canada. We tagged the urchins measuring 25 to 70 mm in test diameter using a non-invasive technique involving a knot of fine monofilament thread tied around one spine. Smaller urchins (< 25 mm) were tagged by tightening a loop around the test. Daily displacement increased markedly going from large juveniles (measuring 10-15 mm in diameter) to small adults (15-20 mm) and from small adults to large adults (> 25-70 mm); however, no effect of size was detectable among large adults measuring from 25 to 70 mm. The increased movement with size was associated with a change in foraging, as gut analysis revealed a marked increase in the proportion of brown algae with increasing size. For large adults, the maximum net distance displaced per day varied among sites from 1.0 to 4.9 m d . Distance moved also varied with habitat, and was greater in habitats that were further from kelp beds. Orientation was random and individuals showed frequent reverses in direction from day to day. Hunger state did not affect displacement, as there was no difference in distance moved between starved and fed urchins which were released in the barrens. However, urchins transplanted from kelp beds to the barrens were less active than urchins removed from and returned to the barrens. The shifts in movement with size are probably important in determining the size structure of urchins at different depths. The great distance covered by larger urchins as they move over open surfaces in search of favourable resources probably leads to their increased numbers in shallow habitats where food is abundant. KEY WORDS: Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis · Movement · Foraging activity · Urchin barrens · TaggingResale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Daily movement of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis in different subtidal habitats in eastern Canada

Dumont¹,

Himmelman²,

Russell³

2006

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…Evidence has led investigators to suggest that grazing pressure of sea urchins might vary among their populations and hydrodynamic conditions that would allow the migration and feeding behavior of sea urchins (Deny, 1988;Kawamata, 1998;Kuwahara et al, 2002). Fig.…”

Section: Effect Of Water Flow On the Feeding Behavior Of Sea Urchinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Undaria pinnatifida Habitat Loss in Relation to Sea Urchin Grazing and Water Flow Conditions, and Their Restoration Effort in Ogatsu Bay, Japan

Tamaki

Kusaka²,

Fukuda

et al. 2009

J. of Wat. & Envir. Tech.

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This study investigated the mechanism of the loss of Undaria pinnatifida beds in Ogatsu Bay, Japan. Wave heights at the outside of the bay were 1 to 2 m over the course of study. In the outer areas of the bay with high water velocities, more than 14.5 ± 3.4 cm sec -1 , U. pinnatifida grew densely and sea urchins were scarce. However, in some outer areas with lower velocities, less than 7.8 ± 2.3 cm sec -1 , U. pinnatifida grew sparsely where the aggregation of sea urchin was found. In contrast, in the inner areas of the bay with calm water having velocities of 2.4 to 4.6 cm sec -1 , the density of sea urchin was high and the U. pinnatifida beds disappeared. These results indicated high water velocities in the outer bay areas prevent the grazing by sea urchins. Disappearance of U. pinnatifida in the inner bay areas seemed to be caused by the high grazing pressure of sea urchins in calm water velocity conditions. We also performed a U. pinnatifida restoration effort to reduce the effects of the grazing pressure by sea urchins in the barren grounds in the inner areas of the bay. Artificial buoyed reefs were designed to prevent the migration of sea urchins by being detached from the bottom and allowed the recovery of U. pinnatifida and other non-encrusting macroalgae. Although there were some losses of transplanted U. pinnatifida partly caused by the withering after the reproductive maturation period, Saccharina japonica and other macroalgae were naturally recruited and increased due to the inhibition of migration by sea urchins using the buoyed reefs. In contrast, the formation of barren community remained at the area grounded to the bottom allowing the migration of urchin in the inner bay. Overall, our restoration efforts using the artificial buoyed reef, although not ideal, resulted in the success of the recovery of macrolagal habitats in the sea urchin -dominated barren grounds by the reduction of grazing pressure of sea urchins.

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“…movement and feeding rates; Rochette et al 1994, Kawamata 1998, Jenkins & Hartnoll 2001 and in turn influence species interactions (e.g. predation, herbivory, competition, facilitation; Lubchenco & Menge 1978, Cowen et al 1982, Witman 1987, Menge et al 1994.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of a wave tank to study the effects of water motion and algal movement on the displacement of the sea star Asterias vulgaris towards its prey

Gagnon¹,

Wagner²,

Himmelman³

2003

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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We carried out experiments in a wave tank using a factorial design (in the presence and absence of waves and kelp blades) to evaluate the impact of water motion, and of wave-induced movement of kelp blades, on (1) movement of the predatory sea star Asterias vulgaris towards its prey, the blue mussel Mytilus edulis, and (2) on its success in capturing its prey. The wave tank mimicked the back-and-forth flow caused by waves. The displacement of the sea stars was 2 times greater in the absence than in the presence of waves. Movements of A. vulgaris were more directed towards the prey under back-and-forth water movement than under still conditions. The presence of kelp blades without waves also reduced the movement of sea stars towards prey as the sea stars largely stayed in the portion of the tank without kelp. Sea stars only became detached in treatments with waves, and a greater proportion detached when both waves and kelp were present. The success rate of sea stars in capturing mussels was null in the treatment with both waves and kelp. These observations support the hypothesis that the kelp canopy in shallow water, and movement of the kelp blades by waves, provide mussels with a spatial refuge from sea star predation. We show for the first time that a sea star can use distance chemodectection to localize prey under conditions of back-and-forth flow.

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Effect of wave-induced oscillatory flow on grazing by a subtidal sea urchin Strongylocentrotus nudus (A. Agassiz)

Cited by 114 publications

References 40 publications

Daily movement of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis in different subtidal habitats in eastern Canada

Daily movement of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis in different subtidal habitats in eastern Canada

Undaria pinnatifida Habitat Loss in Relation to Sea Urchin Grazing and Water Flow Conditions, and Their Restoration Effort in Ogatsu Bay, Japan

Use of a wave tank to study the effects of water motion and algal movement on the displacement of the sea star Asterias vulgaris towards its prey

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