Effect on Nutritional and Functional Characteristics by Encapsulating Rose canina Powder in Enriched Corn Extrudates

Abstract

Wild Rose canina fruit represents a rich source of bioactive compounds such as minerals, phenolic compounds, vitamins, carotenoids, folate, and antioxidant activity that still needs to be further exploited. Thus, this study aimed to use wild Rosa canina fruit encapsulated powder with different biopolymers aiming to manufacture ready-to-eat products, such as corn extrudates. To achieve this goal, extrudate physicochemical characteristics, such as water content (xw), water activity (aw), water absorption index (WAI), water solubility index (WSI), swelling index (SWE), hygroscopicity (Hy), expansion index (SEI), bulk density (rb), porosity (e), textural, optical; nutritional; and functional analysis (phenolic acids, flavonoids, ascorbic and dehydroascorbic acids, vitamin C, carotenoids, folates, antioxidant activity, and minerals) were determined. Results highlighted that 4 and 8% addition of wild Rose canina fruit encapsulated powder could be successfully used in the corn extrudates, showing the positive influence on its nutritional and functional value. Strong positive Pearson correlations were identified between antioxidant capacity and total flavonoids, carotenoids, folates, and vitamin C of mixtures and extrudates Minerals increased their amount during the extrusion process, reaching the highest values at an addition of 8% rosehip encapsulated with pea protein biopolymer. Furthermore, from the biopolymers used in the present study, pea protein powder exhibited the highest protection on the analyzed bioactive compounds against the extrusion process.

Valorization of Rose Hip (Rosa canina) Puree Co-Product in Enriched Corn Extrudates

“…On the other side, Al-Yafeai [19], reported vitamin E content in rose hip (Rosa canina) pure as having a total amount of 31.4 µmol/100 g and highlighted its importance in cancer prevention, cardiovascular diseases, and atherosclerosis. With respect to minerals content, in our recent study Igual et al [30], we emphasized that rose hip (Rosa canina) is a rich source in macroelements such as: Ca (7367.09 µg/g), K (6785.77 µg/g), Mg (1558.9 µg/g), and microelements Fe (98.36 µg/g) and Mn (127.56 µg/g). Macro elements have a positive influence on the nervous and muscle system, whilst, microelements are important for hormones and the immune system [31].…”

“…The mixture was filtered using a sieve (light of mesh diameter 1 mm, Cisa 029077). The filtered sample was the rosehip puree, and it was used in our other work [30]. Non-filtered samples were freeze-dried.…”

“…Ultrasound-assisted extraction was used for dehydroascorbic (DHA) and ascorbic acids (AA), as previously showed by Igual et al [30]. Initially, an aqueous solution containing 0.5 g of sample, 3 mL H 3 PO 4 with a concentration of 3% and 8% acetic acid were sonicated using Elmasonic E15H (Elma, Singen, Germany) at a temperature of 20 • C, for 30 min.…”

“…Folate extraction was previously mentioned by Igual et al [30]. Shortly, 1 g of sample was blended with 5 mL phosphate buffer (pH = 7), sonicated for 30 min, and centrifuged under the following conditions: 4000× g for 10 min and 24 • C.…”

“…However, the internal structure of rose hips generates other co-products with valuable content of bioactive compounds. This is the case of large quantities of the fleshy fruit pulp which remains trapped between the skin and the hairy seeds after processing rose hips for puree, paste, or tea infusions [30]. This co-product might be a good candidate in functional food design after treatments such as controlled drying and grinding.…”