Effect on Tissue Volume of Various Methods of Fixation, Dehydration, and Embedding

Stowell, Robert E.

doi:10.3109/10520294109106200

Cited by 78 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Tissue processing for microscopy may cause shrinkage ranging up to 25% (14,15) and falsely elevate the number of cysts below 0.9 mm in diameter. To determine the extent to which fixation might reduce cyst diameter near the 0.9-mm MR limit, we computed cyst volume in hypothetical spherical cysts, and after shrinkage of 50%, we determined the new cyst diameter.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detected Renal Cysts Are Tips of the Iceberg in Adults with ADPKD

Mulamalla

Grantham

Wallace

et al. 2012

Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

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SummaryBackground and objectives In autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, progressive renal enlargement secondary to expanding cysts is a hallmark. The total cyst load and range of cyst diameters are unknown. The purpose of this study was to quantify the total number and range of diameters of individual cysts in adults with preserved GFR.Design, setting, participants, & measurements A retrospective, morphometric analysis of renal cyst number and diameter using magnetic resonance images from eight adult autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease patients was performed at baseline and after 6.9 years. Cyst number and diameter were measured in microscopic sections of nephrectomy specimens from five different adults.Results The diameters of 1010 cysts ranged from 0.9 to 77.1 mm in baseline T2 magnetic resonance images, and the mean total number of cysts increased from 682 to 1002 in 6.9 years. However, magnetic resonance imaging detects only cysts above the lower limit of detection. In 405 cysts measured in nephrectomy specimens, 70% had diameters ,0.9 mm. Cyst counts by magnetic resonance in eight subjects compared with histology revealed approximately 62 times more cysts below the limit of magnetic resonance imaging detection than above it.Conclusions This study presents quantitative data indicating that renal cysts develop in a minority of renal tubules. Increased numbers detected by magnetic resonance imaging are caused primarily by cysts below detection at baseline enlarging to a detectable diameter over time. The broad range of diameters, with a heavy concentration of microscopic cysts, may be most appropriately explained by a formation process that operates continuously throughout life.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detected Renal Cysts Are Tips of the Iceberg in Adults with ADPKD

Mulamalla

Grantham

Wallace

et al. 2012

Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

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“…The use of succinate dehydrogenase or other vital stain necessitates the use of frozen sections rather than fixed tissue. A further reason to use fro zen sections is that tissue volume relationships may become distorted in fixed tissue (Stowell, 1941;Brint et aI. , 1988).…”

Section: Fig 1 Amentioning

confidence: 99%

A Semiautomated Method for Measuring Brain Infarct Volume

Swanson

Morton

Tsao-Wu

et al. 1990

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

1,522

900

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An accurate, reproducible method for determining the infarct volumes of gray matter structures is presented for use with presently available image analysis systems. Areas of stained sections with optical densities above that of a threshold value are automatically recognized and measured. This eliminates the potential error and bias inherent in manually delineating infarcted regions. Moreover, the volume of surviving normal gray matter is determined rather than that of the infarct. This approach minimizes the error that is introduced by edema, which distorts and enlarges the infarcted tissue and surrounding white matter.

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“…Briefly, the internal organs were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin for 24 h and dissected into tissue blocks. Samples were dehydrated in ethanol and cleared in benzene to remove the alcohol, and then the samples were infiltrated with molten paraffin at 50 °C and further embedded into a cubical block of paraffin [24] . The paraffinembedded tissues were sectioned into 5-μm slices by microtome and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E).…”

Section: Histopathological Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although Hyp is very promising and highly researched, phenomena associated with the use of Hyp and its derivatives, such as insolubilization, aggregation, fusion, and relative instability, could hinder the applications of Hyp. The relevance of the chemical and physical properties to the pharmaceutical application of Hyp has been discussed extensively [7,[18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] . However, specific clinical applications become more restricted when the focus is narrowed to those newly discovered activities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The LD 50 of Hyp was reported to be greater than 23 600 mg/kg in a study that administered Hyp orally in mice [23] . Although some data appear to indicate low toxicity for St John's Wort or Hyp, previous preparations containing Hyp were largely unregulated and contained varying amounts of the drug [24] . However, data on the toxicity of a single iv dose of Hyp are extremely limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A single-dose toxicity study on non-radioactive iodinated hypericin for a targeted anticancer therapy in mice

Cona

Feng

et al. 2012

Acta Pharmacol Sin

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Aim: Hypericin (Hyp) and its radio-derivatives have been investigated in animal models with ischemic heart diseases and malignancies for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Before radioiodinated Hyp ( 123 I-Hyp or 131 I-Hyp) can be considered as a clinically useful drug, vigorous evaluations on its chemotoxicity are necessary. In the present study, we examined the toxicity of a single dose of non-radioactive 127 I-Hyp in normal mice for 24 h and 14 d. Methods: Studies were performed on 132 normal mice.127 I -Hyp at a clinically relevant dose of 0.1 mg/kg body weight and a 100-times higher dose of 10 mg/kg was intravenously injected into 40 mice. The safety aspects of clinical manifestations, serological biochemistry, and histopathology were assessed. In another 72 mice, 127 I-Hyp was administered intravenously at assumed values to bracket the value of LD 50 . The rest 20 mice were used in the control groups. I-Hyp in the necrosis targeting theragnostic strategy, but also serves as a valuable reference for exploring other possible applications for iodinated Hyp.

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Effect on Tissue Volume of Various Methods of Fixation, Dehydration, and Embedding

Cited by 78 publications

References 11 publications

Detected Renal Cysts Are Tips of the Iceberg in Adults with ADPKD

Detected Renal Cysts Are Tips of the Iceberg in Adults with ADPKD

A Semiautomated Method for Measuring Brain Infarct Volume

A single-dose toxicity study on non-radioactive iodinated hypericin for a targeted anticancer therapy in mice

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