Effect Sulfur and ZnO Nanoparticles on Stress Physiology and Plant (Vigna radiata) Nutrition

Abstract

Phytotoxic and agro beneficial properties of antimicrobially efficient Sulfur nanoparticles (SNPs) and ZnO nanoparticles (ZNPs) were evaluated on Mung (Vigna radiata). Mung seeds were germinated with an increasing concentration gradient of nanoparticles. The extent of phtotoxicity were assessed depending upon the effect of used nanoparticles on physical factors (relative root and shoot length, dry weight and area of leaves), photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll, carotene and xanthophyll content) and mitochondrial stress indicator level (thiol), A simultaneous study was undertaken to understand the effect of SNPs and ZNPs on overall plant growth and nutrition. The nutritive values of nanoparticles were determined in terms of total lipid and protein content. All the aforementioned biochemical assays were performed in triplicate for statistical viability.

Comparative phytotoxicity of ZnO NPs, bulk ZnO, and ionic zinc onto the alfalfa plants symbiotically associated with Sinorhizobium meliloti in soil

“…ZnO NPs did not affect germination rates at 250 and 500 mg/kg (Figs. 1 and S3 SM), which followed the previously reported data on mung beans (Patra et al, 2013). However, the germination rate increased to 23% at 750 mg/kg ZnO NP treatment, compared to control.…”

“…However, the leaf area index was in order: bulk ZnO N ionic Zn N ZnO NPs. This suggests that at 500 mg/kg, the bulk form/species impacted the meristematic tissue; increasing cell division, resulting in increased leaf area (Patra et al, 2013). We also observed that the bulk treatments triggered the early flowering of alfalfa in 2 months, which suggests that at 500 mg/kg, bulk ZnO acted as growth enhancer for this particular alfalfa genotype (Skoog, 1940).…”

“…Our results are in accordance with the previously reported studies where ionic zinc was found to be phytotoxic at higher concentration (Rout and Das, 2003;Salama, 2012). High Zn concentrations in leaves can displace essential elements in functional sites (Patra et al, 2013). In addition, ionic/dissolved Zn 2+ from ZnO NPs/ZnCl 2 could hinder many biochemical function/s comprising proteins which are involved in different structural, transport, and/or catalytic (enzymes) functions (Rout and Das, 2003).…”

Bioefficacy evaluation and dissipation pattern of nanoformulation versus commercial formulation of pyridalyl in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)

“…Utilization of nanotechnological tools (Gopal et al 2012a) for the development of crop protection products has received much attention (Choudhury et al 2010;Patra et al 2013). Nanopesticides, an emerging technological development, have increased bioefficacy, lower application dose and less harmful to the environment than conventional formulations (Gopal et al 2011a(Gopal et al , b, 2012bKumar et al 2011Kumar et al , 2012.…”

Residue, dissipation, and safety evaluation of pyridalyl nanoformulation in Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus [L] Moench)

“…Nanotechnology has tremendous potential in food and agriculture (Gopal et al 2012a). A need was felt for testing new age formulation of pesticides such as nanosized formulations (Choudhury et al 2010;Patra et al 2013) which have been proved to be more effective than conventional formulations and have better insecticidal activity (Hwang et al 2011).…”