Effective ionisation coefficients and critical breakdown electric field of CO<sub>2</sub>at elevated temperature: effect of excited states and ion kinetics

Wang, Weizong; Bogaerts, Annemie

doi:10.1088/0963-0252/25/5/055025

Cited by 33 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…The critical field for CO 2 , obtained using analytical fitting curve (8), is 86 Td, which is close to the values of the critical field for CO 2 reported in [28] and [29]. Figure 4 shows the experimental values of  eff /N for SF 6 as open circles (data from [32]).…”

Section: ) Carbon Dioxidesupporting

confidence: 80%

Field-Time Breakdown Characteristics of Air, N₂, CO₂, and SF₆

Liu

Timoshkin

MacGregor

et al. 2020

IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci.

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The dielectric performance of gases in insulation systems used in high voltage power and pulsed power applications is a subject of intensive theoretical and experimental investigation. Transient breakdown processes in gases stressed with short, high-field impulses, have been studied for many decades. However, there are still significant gaps in the understanding of the main breakdown processes and mechanisms associated with fast transient breakdown processes in gases. This knowledge is important for optimisation of gaseous insulating systems and for coordination of gaseous insulation in power and pulsed power apparatuses. This information is also required for the development of gas-filled components such as circuit breakers and plasma closing switches. The present work is aimed at analysis of the field-time breakdown characteristics of air, N 2 , CO 2 , and SF 6 , using kinetic and drift-diffusion approaches. The kinetic approach is based upon the avalanche-to-streamer transition criterion, while the fluid drift-diffusion model requires self-consistent numerical solution of the continuity equations for charged species, and the Poisson equation for the electric field. The time to breakdown as a function of the applied field was obtained for all investigated gases. The obtained analytical results agree well with the experimental data reported in the literature, which suggests that both approaches can be used for insulation coordination, and for the development of gas-insulated power and pulsed power systems and components. Index Terms-Transient breakdown in gases, ionization front, time-field breakdown characteristics.

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Section: ) Carbon Dioxidesupporting

confidence: 80%

Field-Time Breakdown Characteristics of Air, N₂, CO₂, and SF₆

Liu

Timoshkin

MacGregor

et al. 2020

IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci.

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“…To link these values to the experiments, note that MW and GA discharges typically operate at E/N values of 100 Td and below, while DBDs typically operate at 200 Td and above. [2,23] It is however difficult to sustain a plasma with low values of E/N (50 Td and below), since attachment reactions are more important than ionization reactions at low E/N , due to the difference in the energy threshold of the two cross sections [58,59]. Nevertheless, it is possible to work around this, by using two different energy sources: one with a large E/N (ionization source) and one with a lower E/N, as shown in a CO 2 plasma by Andreev et al [60].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pinpointing energy losses in CO2 plasmas – Effect on CO2 conversion

Berthelot

Bogaerts

2018

Journal of CO2 Utilization

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Plasma technology is gaining increasing interest for CO 2 conversion, but to maximize the energy efficiency, it is important to track the different energy transfers taking place in the plasma. In this paper, we study these mechanisms by a 0D chemical kinetics model, including the vibrational kinetics, for different conditions of reduced electric field, gas temperature and ionization degree, at a pressure of 100 mbar. Our model predicts a maximum conversion and energy efficiency of 32 % and 47 %, respectively, at conditions that are particularly beneficial for energy efficient CO 2 conversion, i.e. a low reduced electric field (10 Td) and a low gas temperature (300 K). We study the effect of the efficiency by which the vibrational energy is used to dissociate CO 2 , as well as of the activation energy of the reaction CO 2 + O → CO + O 2 , to elucidate the theoretical limitations to the energy efficiency. Our model reveals that these parameters are mainly responsible for the limitations in the energy efficiency. By varying these parameters, we can reach a maximum conversion and energy efficiency of 86 %. Finally, we derive an empirical formula to estimate the maximum possible energy efficiency that can be reached under the assumptions of the model.

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“…To improve the applications (i.e., mainly gas conversion), the physical and chemical characteristics of the gliding arc have been extensively studied experimentally . Furthermore, computer modelling of the plasma chemistry and reactor design is also very useful in providing more insight into the underlying reaction mechanisms of plasma‐assisted gas conversion or synthesis, for example, by evaluating quantities that are difficult to measure, and by identifying the most important chemical reactions or parameters . However, only a few papers in literature deal with modelling of a gliding arc .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen Fixation by Gliding Arc Plasma: Better Insight by Chemical Kinetics Modelling

et al. 2017

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The conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into valuable compounds, that is, so-called nitrogen fixation, is gaining increased interest, owing to the essential role in the nitrogen cycle of the biosphere. Plasma technology, and more specifically gliding arc plasma, has great potential in this area, but little is known about the underlying mechanisms. Therefore, we developed a detailed chemical kinetics model for a pulsed-power gliding-arc reactor operating at atmospheric pressure for nitrogen oxide synthesis. Experiments are performed to validate the model and reasonable agreement is reached between the calculated and measured NO and NO yields and the corresponding energy efficiency for NO formation for different N /O ratios, indicating that the model can provide a realistic picture of the plasma chemistry. Therefore, we can use the model to investigate the reaction pathways for the formation and loss of NO . The results indicate that vibrational excitation of N in the gliding arc contributes significantly to activating the N molecules, and leads to an energy efficient way of NO production, compared to the thermal process. Based on the underlying chemistry, the model allows us to propose solutions on how to further improve the NO formation by gliding arc technology. Although the energy efficiency of the gliding-arc-based nitrogen fixation process at the present stage is not comparable to the world-scale Haber-Bosch process, we believe our study helps us to come up with more realistic scenarios of entering a cutting-edge innovation in new business cases for the decentralised production of fertilisers for agriculture, in which low-temperature plasma technology might play an important role.

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Effective ionisation coefficients and critical breakdown electric field of CO₂at elevated temperature: effect of excited states and ion kinetics

Cited by 33 publications

References 76 publications

Field-Time Breakdown Characteristics of Air, N₂, CO₂, and SF₆

Field-Time Breakdown Characteristics of Air, N₂, CO₂, and SF₆

Pinpointing energy losses in CO2 plasmas – Effect on CO2 conversion

Nitrogen Fixation by Gliding Arc Plasma: Better Insight by Chemical Kinetics Modelling

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Effective ionisation coefficients and critical breakdown electric field of CO2at elevated temperature: effect of excited states and ion kinetics

Cited by 33 publications

References 76 publications

Field-Time Breakdown Characteristics of Air, N2, CO2, and SF6

Field-Time Breakdown Characteristics of Air, N2, CO2, and SF6

Pinpointing energy losses in CO2 plasmas – Effect on CO2 conversion

Nitrogen Fixation by Gliding Arc Plasma: Better Insight by Chemical Kinetics Modelling

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Effective ionisation coefficients and critical breakdown electric field of CO₂at elevated temperature: effect of excited states and ion kinetics

Field-Time Breakdown Characteristics of Air, N₂, CO₂, and SF₆

Field-Time Breakdown Characteristics of Air, N₂, CO₂, and SF₆