Effective leadership for crowd evacuation

Ma, Yi; Yuen, Richard K.K.; Lee, Eric Wai Ming

doi:10.1016/j.physa.2015.12.103

Cited by 107 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…k is a body compression coefficient, and κ is the sliding friction coefficient. In the social force model [7], [24], the parameters as follows: τ i = 0.2s, A i =2000N, B i = 0.08m, k = 120000N /s 2 κ = 240000N /m and the weight of the pedestrian m i is 80kg.…”

Section: A Social Force Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simulation-Based Model of Emergency Evacuation Guidance in the Metro Stations of China

Long

Zhang

et al. 2020

IEEE Access

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With the development of modern cities, metro are playing an increasingly important role in urban traffic. A biochemical terrorist attack in a metro station can cause many casualties. Therefore, more attention should be paid to metro emergency management. This paper presents a guidance scheme based on an improved empirical formula to optimize emergency evacuation. Additionally, the guidance evacuation model combined the social force model with pedestrian characteristics to study the influence of pedestrian behaviors on guidance evacuation. The experiment results show the following: (1) A guidance scheme based on an improved empirical formula can significantly reduce the casualties and improve the efficiency of evacuation; (2) The guidance evacuation model can be used to find the reasonable guidance locations and the combination of guides. (3) Pedestrian characteristics must be taken into account in the research of the guidance evacuation. Analyzing the behavioral characteristics of pedestrian can provide improvement measures for guidance evacuation. This paper focuses on the simulation experiments of emergency evacuation in metro station, which can provide practical references for developing an efficient and safe emergency evacuation scheme. INDEX TERMS Social force model, guidance scheme, improved empirical formula, pedestrians' behavior, simulation.

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Section: A Social Force Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Assigning evacuation guides to help pedestrians escape from dangerous areas is another type of guidance strategy. Ma et al [24] developed a crowd evacuation model with evacuation leaders. They revealed the optimal number of the evacuation leaders is related to the distribution range of the pedestrian.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation-Based Model of Emergency Evacuation Guidance in the Metro Stations of China

Long

Zhang

et al. 2020

IEEE Access

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“…Pelechano and Badler [16] placed leaders, persons familiar with the layout, at intersections, to guide evacuees to safety. Ma et al [17] showed that a few leaders could effectively guide evacuees but leaders may also have a negative impact. Dimakis et al [18] employed a distributed simulator based on the multi-agent paradigm for managing an emergency.…”

Section: Evacuationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimized evacuation route based on crowd simulation

et al. 2017

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An evacuation plan helps people move away from an area or a building. To assist rapid evacuation, we present an algorithm to compute the optimal route for each local region. The idea is to reduce congestion and maximize the number of evacuees arriving at exits in each time span. Our system considers crowd distribution, exit locations, and corridor widths when determining optimal routes. It also simulates crowd movements during route optimization. As a basis, we expect that neighboring crowds who take different evacuation routes should arrive at respective exits at nearly the same time. If this is not the case, our system updates the routes of the slower crowds. As crowd simulation is non-linear, the optimal route is computed in an iterative manner. The system repeats until an optimal state is achieved. In addition to directly computing optimal routes for a situation, our system allows the structure of the situation to be decomposed, and determines the routes in a hierarchical manner. This strategy not only reduces the computational cost but also enables crowds in different regions to evacuate with different priorities. Experimental results, with visualizations, demonstrate the feasibility of our evacuation route optimization method.

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“…Time is crucial in evacuation situations in case of emergency, while the people's behavior is rather unpredictable and depends of a series of factors such as: age [1], [2], emotions [1], [3]- [6], social background [7], density [8]- [10], environment conditions and localization [11], [12], the presence or absence of guidance or authority figures [1], [13]- [18], geographic features [19], the degree of familiarity with the environment [20], etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishing the Proper Seating Arrangement in Elevated Lecture Halls for a Faster Evacuation Process

et al. 2019

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As time is crucial in the human evacuation process during an emergency situation, several aspects related to how the humans involved in such a process act have been studied over the time, underlying that the humans' behavior is rather unpredictable and depends on social background, emotions, the degree of familiarity with the environment, age, gender, and so on. On the other hand, it has been determined that the characteristics of the environment are important in such situations as they may facilitate a shorter evacuation time. It has been shown that exits characteristics, such as width or their number, have a positive direct impact on the evacuation time. In this context, this paper aims to analyze another environmental aspect, namely, the seat arrangement, and to determine how the seats should be placed in order to reduce the evacuation time for a given configuration of the doors. On this purpose, an elevated lecture hall with two exits has been chosen, as it represents one of the most populated places within the public buildings, characterized not only by a high population density but also by a limited capacity to escape. A case study has been conducted using 97 human subjects and an agent-based model has been created considering their individual characteristics. The model has been simulated on eight different seat arrangements for 15 different positions on the two exitdoors. As a result, the proper seating arrangement for each of the 15 exit-door positions has been presented along with the study's limitations.

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Effective leadership for crowd evacuation

Cited by 107 publications

References 31 publications

Simulation-Based Model of Emergency Evacuation Guidance in the Metro Stations of China

Simulation-Based Model of Emergency Evacuation Guidance in the Metro Stations of China

Optimized evacuation route based on crowd simulation

Establishing the Proper Seating Arrangement in Elevated Lecture Halls for a Faster Evacuation Process

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