Effective Method of Estimating the Daily Evapotranspiration of Greenhouse Grapes in the Cold Area of Northeast China

Abstract

Evapotranspiration (ET) is an important basis and key link for guiding irrigation. One of the key problems to be solved is how to predict the dynamic change in the daily ET and estimate the total amount of ET in greenhouse through limited instantaneous data. In this paper, it is estimated that the daily scale of evapotranspiration by using four methods, including the evaporative fraction method (EF method), the reference evaporative fraction method (EF′ method), the sine method, and the canopy resistance method ( r c method), is based on the measured ET data of grapes in a solar greenhouse in Northeast China. The relative root-mean-square pair error (RRMSE) and the efficiency coefficient (ε) are also used to study their applicability in terms of leaf area index, radiation degree, and scale-up time point. In the results, under the condition of different LAI, the simulation accuracies of ET scaled by the four methods ranked as follows (from highest to lowest): the reference evaporative fraction method, the evaporative fraction method, the sine method, and the canopy resistance method. The average RRMSE and ε of the evaporative fraction method with the best simulation accuracy were 7.19–16.46% and 0.61–0.75, respectively. Under different radiation conditions, the simulation accuracies of the four methods ranked as follows (from highest to lowest): the evaporative fraction method, the reference evaporative fraction method, the sine method, and the canopy resistance method. Under different radiation conditions, the RRSME of the four methods ranged from 11.55 to 46.62%, and the maximum of ε was 0.75. The evaporative fraction and reference evaporative fraction methods had the highest simulation accuracy, whereas the reference evaporative fraction method required fewer parameters. We concluded that the reference evaporative fraction method was the best for estimating the daily ET of greenhouse grapes in the cold area of Northeast China.