Effective parameters for formulation of gastro adhesive nanoparticles: screening by design-of-experiments approach

Abstract

The objective of this study was selection of most influential variable for the preparation of gastro adhesive nanoparticles of acyclovir. Effect of formulation and processing variables on various response variables were studied by a Taguchi standard orthogonal array L8 design. Independent variables studied were the amount of gelatin, amount of glutaraldehyde, amount of Pluronic F-68, acetone addition rate, pH, stirring time and stirring speed. The size of all nanoparticulate formulations prepared as per the experimental design (Taguchi screening design) varied between 165 and 1610 nm, PDI between 0.360 and 1.00, Q6 between 7.31-34.93%, T60% between 19.2-37.6 h, entrapment efficiency between 15.70 and 83.12%, loading efficiency between 39.72 and 80.49% and mucoadhesive strength between 3.959-11.02 g. Pareto ranking analyses showed that the two most important factors affecting the selected responses were amount of gelatin and amount of Pluronic F-68 (p < 0.05).

Polymer-Based Nanoparticles as Drug Delivery Systems for Purines of Established Importance in Medicine

“…Scientific studies focused on gelatin in the form of a nanogel as a carrier for active substances from the purine group were carried out in the first decade of the twenty-first century and concerned mainly ACV and DDI. A. Kharia and A. Singhai, in their two works, studied mucoadhesive NPs that contained ACV for oral administration [111,112]. In a research paper from 2014, the authors used a Taguchi standard orthogonal array L 8 design to describe the influence of process parameters on the physicochemical nature of NPs.…”

“…They found out that increasing the concentration of the surfactant and cross-linking agent negatively affects mucoadhesion, while a higher concentration of gelatin has a positive impact on it. The dependencies between parameters and factors are shown in Table 5 [111].…”

“…Table 5. Effect of different factors on parameters of gelatin nanoparticles from the work of A. Kharia and A. Singhai [111]. Symbols: ↑-increase, ↓-decrease, ↑*-increase up to gelatin pI, *-the highest near ACV pI, n.g.-not given, PDI-polydispersity index.…”

“…Gelatin-based NPs have gastroretentive properties which may be utilized for oral administration of ACV in order to improve pharmacokinetics [111,112].…”

Development of tamoxifen‐loaded surface‐modified nanostructured lipid carrier using experimental design: in vitro and ex vivo characterisation

“…However, a number of formulation and processing variables influence the overall performance of nanoparticles (NPs). Thus, it becomes challenging to study the effect of each variable and interaction among them through the conventional approach [6]. Therefore, to minimise the number of trials and to study the effect of factors in all possible combinations, Taguchi orthogonal array design was applied to formulate an optimised formulation [7].…”