Effective playing time in the Chinese Super League

Zhao, Yangqing; Zhang, Hui

doi:10.1177/1747954120965751

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Stoppages in CSL games included off-field interferences, which were not found in the EPL games. Zhao and Zhang (2021) found that spectators also impacted the actual playing time by negatively affecting both players and referees. For example, referees in Major League Soccer (MLS) tend to add an extra 33 s when the home team is down by one goal ( Yewell et al, 2014 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Factors That Influence Actual Playing Time: Evidence From the Chinese Super League and English Premier League

Zhao

Liu

2022

Front. Psychol.

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This study explored factors that influence actual playing time by comparing the Chinese Super League (CSL) and English Premier League (EPL). Eighteen factors were classified into anthropogenic and non-anthropogenic factors. Fifty CSL matches (season 2019) and 50 EPL matches (season 2019–2020) were analyzed. An independent sample t-test with effect size (Cohen’s d) at a 95% confidence interval was used to evaluate differences in the influencing factors between the CSL and EPL. Two multiple linear regression models regarding the CSL and EPL were conducted to compare the influencing factors’ impact on actual playing time. The results showed that the average actual playing time (p < 0.05, 0.6 < ES = 0.610 < 1.2) and average game density (p < 0.05, 0.2 < ES = 0.513 < 0.6) in the EPL were significantly higher than in the CSL. The average time per game for general fouls (p < 0.05, 1.2 < ES = 1.245 < 2.0) and minor injuries (p < 0.05, 0.2 < ES = 0.272 < 0.6) in the CSL was significantly higher than in the EPL. The average time allocated to off-field interferences in the CSL was significantly higher than in the EPL, while the average time allocated to throw-ins (out-of-bounds) in the CSL was significantly lower than in the EPL (p < 0.05, 0.2 < ES = 0.556 < 0.6). The study showed that actual playing time in CSL games was more affected by anthropogenic factors than in the case of EPL games, while both leagues were equally affected by non-anthropogenic factors. This study provides a reference for coaches to design effective training and formulate game strategies for elite soccer leagues.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Factors That Influence Actual Playing Time: Evidence From the Chinese Super League and English Premier League

Zhao

Liu

2022

Front. Psychol.

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“…When teams play against different opponents, different tactics are often used, so some studies have examined the match type as a variable [ 24 ][ 33 ]. We found that all passing indices for the matches between the first eight and the last eight were significantly greater than the matches between the first eight.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of influencing factors of passes in the chinese super league

Zeng

Zhang

2022

BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil

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Background In football matches, passing is an important means of organizing attacks, creating shots, changing tactics, and achieving tactical objectives and is a frequently used technique. The purpose of the study was to explore the relevant factors that affect passes in the Chinese Super League (CSL) in different game contexts. Methods A total of 1,440 matches (2,880 samples) of 24 teams participating in the CSL in the 2014–2019 seasons were selected as the research object, and a mixed linear model was constructed to analyse the influencing factors of passes. Results (a) The passing success rate and the total number of forward passes were greatly affected by the stage of the season; (b) except for the passing success rate in the 30 m attack area, all other pass indicators in the home matches were significantly higher than those in the away matches; (c) the number of passes in the 30 m attack area was mainly affected by the team level (table position quartile); the higher the team level, the greater the number of passes in the 30 m attack area; (d) all passing indices for the matches between the first eight and the last eight were significantly greater than the matches between the first eight; (e) the passing success rate in the 30 m attack area in winning matches was higher than that in drawn matches; (f) the number of forward passes was significantly greater in matches won by two or more goals, and the number of defender passes was significantly greater in losing matches. Conclusion The various passing indices of the CSL were affected by different game contexts (including season stage, venue, team level, match type and match outcome), and understanding these influencing factors of passes will help coaches and players better understand football matches.

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“…Such referee bias towards the home team, which could irritate the visiting team, results in more fouls. 34…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sabotage in dynamic tournaments with heterogeneous contestants: Evidence from European football

Zhao

Zhang

2022

International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching

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This paper analyses how sabotage, measured as the number of fouls and yellow and red cards, is affected by the relative performance of and asymmetries between teams, determined based on score margin and the odds gap between one team and its opponent. By applying detailed controls for within-match dynamics and differences in team quality, we first observe that badly losing favourites are more willing than losing underdogs to increase their unsporting behaviour in heterogeneous contests. There are more yellow cards and fouls as the game progresses. We further find that most sabotage (yellow cards) can be observed when the (absolute) goal difference is equal to 1. Teams decrease their level of sabotage (fouls) by increasing the number of goals of lead or trail. In addition, weaker teams have an incentive to engage in more unfair and destructive strategies, such as committing more fouls, including those penalized with yellow cards. However, the incidence of red cards is not influenced by the score margin or strength gap.

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Effective playing time in the Chinese Super League

Cited by 4 publications

References 30 publications

Factors That Influence Actual Playing Time: Evidence From the Chinese Super League and English Premier League

Factors That Influence Actual Playing Time: Evidence From the Chinese Super League and English Premier League

Analysis of influencing factors of passes in the chinese super league

Sabotage in dynamic tournaments with heterogeneous contestants: Evidence from European football

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