Effective Ru/CNT Cathode for Rechargeable Solid-State Li–CO₂ Batteries

Abstract

An effective Ru/CNT electrocatalyst plays a crucial role in solid-state lithium–carbon dioxide batteries. In the present article, ruthenium metal decorated on a multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is introduced as a cathode for the lithium–carbon dioxide batteries with Li1.5Al0.5Ge1.5(PO4)3 solid-state electrolyte. The Ru/CNT cathode exhibits a large surface area, maximum discharge capacity, excellent reversibility, and long cycle life with low overpotential. The electrocatalyst achieves improved electrocatalytic performance for the carbon dioxide reduction reaction and carbon dioxide evolution reaction, which are related to the available active sites. Using the Ru/CNT cathode, the solid-state lithium–carbon dioxide battery exhibits a maximum discharge capacity of 4541 mA h g–1 and 45 cycles of battery life with a small voltage gap of 1.24 V compared to the CNT cathode (maximum discharge capacity of 1828 mA h g–1, 25 cycles, and 1.64 V as voltage gap) at a current supply of 100 mA g–1 with a cutoff capacity of 500 mA h g–1. Solid-state lithium–carbon dioxide batteries have shown promising potential applications for future energy storage.

In Situ Loading of Polypyrrole onto Aramid Nanofiber and Carbon Nanotube Aerogel Fibers as Physiology and Motion Sensors

“…38 The ANF/CNT aerogel fibers presented typical CNT peaks at 26.3°and 43.0°corresponding to the (002) and (100) planes of the CNTs, respectively. 39 The intensities of the characteristic ANF and CNT peaks decreased in the ANF/PPy and ANF/CNT/PPy aerogels 40 After loading PPy on the fibers, the intensities of the characteristic ANF peaks decreased, while new peaks emerged at 1367 and 1561 cm −1 . These new peaks were attributed to the Py ring.…”

“…The XRD spectra of all ANF-based fibers exhibited three diffraction peaks belonging to the (110), (200), and (004) lattice planes of ANFs . The ANF/CNT aerogel fibers presented typical CNT peaks at 26.3° and 43.0° corresponding to the (002) and (100) planes of the CNTs, respectively . The intensities of the characteristic ANF and CNT peaks decreased in the ANF/PPy and ANF/CNT/PPy aerogels fibers, possibly because the PPy layer was loaded inside the material.…”

Nanofibrous Cathode Catalysts with MoC Nanoparticles Embedded in N-Rich Carbon Shells for Low-Overpotential Li–CO2 Batteries

“…The cycling performance also indicates that the catalytic activity can be well maintained in a long loop of CO 2 -RR and CO 2 -ER reactions. The CO 2 -ER activity of NCMC is even better than that of the Ir- and Ru-based catalysts reported in the literature, − and the comparison with CNT-based cathodes is listed in Table S2. The high catalytic activity of NCMC is attributed to the synergistic effect of N-doped carbon and MoC nanoparticles .…”

Carbon Tube-Based Cathode for Li-CO2 Batteries: A Review

“…Noble metals such as gold, silver, and the platinum family (ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, platinum) have unique activity in catalytic reactions [29,30]. They are used as catalysts for oxygen reduction (ORR) and oxygen precipitation (OER) reactions in the initial stage of lithium-air battery research and are designed as air electrodes with various unique spatial structures [31].…”

“…Sodium-ion fast-charged Li 1+x Al x Ge 2-x (PO 4 ) 3 (LAGP) and Li 1+x Al x Ti 2-x (PO 4 ) 3 (LATP) ceramics can alleviate the grain-limited boundary transport of lithium ions and stabilize in a carbon dioxide atmosphere [81]. Using a commercial LAGP wafer as the electrolyte, a Ru/CNT cathode and a lithium anode, Liu et al assembled a Li-CO 2 battery and achieved 45 cycles at a limited capacity of 500 mAh g −1 [31].…”