Effective separation of peptides using highly dense thermo-responsive polymer brush-grafted porous polystyrene beads

Temperature-responsive Smart Packing Materials Utilizing Multi-functional Polymers

“…Some types of functional surfaces were created by a surface modification method, including terminally, [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] cross-linked, [26][27][28][29] and created polymer brush. [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39] For modification involving one end of a polymer to a silica surface, the synthesis of PNIPAAm was carried out by radical polymerization using 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) as a chain-transfer agent. Using this method, PNIPAAm-grafted silica beads (3.0 or 5.0 μm of particle size) were activated by standard ester-amine coupling (Fig.…”

Preparation of thermo-responsive polymer brushes on hydrophilic polymeric beads by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization for a highly resolutive separation of peptides

“…Furthermore, column separation method in all-aqueous system using PIPAAm grafted surfaces as stationary phases have been developed and became a powerful tool for biomedical separations [14][15][16][17][18][19]. PIPAAm is well-known to exhibit thermo-responsive soluble-insoluble change across its lower critical solution temperature (LCST) at 32 • C in aqueous solution [20].…”

“…For the preparation of PIPAAm grafted stationary phases, silica beads [14][15][16][17] and polystyrene beads [18,19] have been used as starting materials. Silica-based stationary phases are widely used in HPLC systems because of their good performance as chromatographic stationary phase.…”

“…However, silica beads become instable under aqueous alkaline conditions (pH higher than 8.0) due to the hydrolysis of silica [21]. Therefore, thermo-responsive chromatography using polystyrene beads as starting materials have developed for improving stability under all-aqueous mobile phase [18,19]. Using PIPAAm grafted polystyrene beads, the thermally induced all-aqueous separation of peptides were achieved [18,19].…”

“…Therefore, thermo-responsive chromatography using polystyrene beads as starting materials have developed for improving stability under all-aqueous mobile phase [18,19]. Using PIPAAm grafted polystyrene beads, the thermally induced all-aqueous separation of peptides were achieved [18,19]. However, there are several issues in the use of polystyrene as a starting material for a PIPAAm grafted stationary phase.…”