“…Energized systems were defined as October 1996, Volume 35, NO.8 those containing less than 52%, by volume, CO 2 (5). Later, CO 2 foam(4-6, [8][9][10]14) and 100% liquid CO 2 0,7,11,13) fracturing were introduced. In all applications, the objective was to reduce the amount of fluid left in the formation after fracturing.…”