Effectiveness of a multi-component intervention on dispensing practices at private pharmacies in Vietnam and Thailand—a randomized controlled trial

Chalker, John; Ratanawijitrasin, Sauwakon; Chúc, Nguyễn Thị Kim; Petzold, Max; Tomson, Göran

doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.04.019

Cited by 99 publications

(145 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Additional references were identified from the reference lists of retrieved studies and from the authors' own reference collections. In total, 56 full publications were retrieved for further examination of which, 46 studies were included in the review (Tables 1 and 2), including: nine RCTs, [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] three controlled trials, [16][17][18] 30 cross-sectional, two time-series 49,50 and two 'other' studies. 13,51 Ten publications were excluded: seven reviews, 52-58 one laboratory-based study, 59 one telephone survey 60 and one study presented only as an abstract.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thirteen studies were undertaken in Europe, 14,15,17,20,21,24,27,30,37,40,43,49,50 nine in Asia, 7,12,13,22,29,39,42,47,51 eight in South and Central America, 8,9,18,25,31,35,45,48 seven in North America, 23,26,32,34,36,41,46 four in Africa, 13,16,28,33 three in Australasia 10,11,38 and one in the Middle East. 19 The remaining study was conducted across three countries.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In six studies, no training was mentioned. 7,18,30,31,37,41 Several studies stated that the simulated patients had received training but gave no information about its content. 12,25,35,39,45,51 Other studies reported providing the simulated patients with briefings, but not training per se.…”

Section: Simulated Patient Characteristics and Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A systematic review of the use of simulated patients and pharmacy practice research

Watson

Norris

Granås³

2006

International Journal of Pharmacy Practice

147

137

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ObjectiveThe use of simulated patients to assess current practice, or to derive outcome measures for pharmacy practice research, has received much attention in recent years. A simulated patient is an individual who is trained to visit a pharmacy to enact a scenario testing specific behaviour of the pharmacist or pharmacy staff. The aim of this study was to provide a definitive review of the use of simulated patients as a methodological tool for pharmacy practice research. MethodA systematic review was undertaken to identify all pharmacy practice studies that had used simulated patient methodology. The electronic databases searched to identify relevant studies were MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL. Articles fulfilling all the following criteria were considered for inclusion in the review: primary reports of trials conducted in community pharmacy and drug store settings which used simulated patients to derive outcome measures. The review was not restricted by language or by country. The review was restricted to publications from 1976 to May 2005. Key findingsIn total, 56 full publications were retrieved for further examination, of which 46 studies were included in the review, including: nine randomised controlled trials, three controlled trials, 30 cross-sectional, two time-series and two 'other' studies. Ten publications were excluded: seven reviews, one laboratory-based study, one telephone survey and one study presented only as an abstract. ConclusionsThere has been steady growth in the use of simulated patient methodology over the past 30 years. Although simulated patients have received negative attention in the pharmaceutical media, they can be a rigorous and robust method of measuring practice if used appropriately. This review demonstrates the range of activities for which this method can be used, including the assessment of counselling and advice provision, the treatment of minor and major illness, and the assessment of the public health activities of pharmacy and drug store staff. Simulated patient methodology has been used in developing countries to a similar, if not greater extent, than the developed world, demonstrating its versatility and applicability to pharmacy practice research globally.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A systematic review of the use of simulated patients and pharmacy practice research

Watson

Norris

Granås³

2006

International Journal of Pharmacy Practice

147

137

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“…Although poor regulation of antimicrobials resulting from policies not being enforced is the major factor influencing selfmedication, it is not the only one accounting for this behavior [26,27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Awareness and Knowledge about Antibiotic Use and Resistance among Students of Northern Border University Saudi Arabia

Soomro¹,

Alshammari²,

Alabbas³

2017

J Trop Dis

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“…Two studies examined many countries, and country-specific results are shown in table 1. 79,81 Wide variation was noted between studies, with some studies finding infrequent prescription of antimicrobials. Some of this variation might be ascribed to variations in the clinical scenario presented to pharmacists.…”

Section: Frequency Of Non-prescription Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Non-prescription antimicrobial use worldwide: a systematic review

Morgan

Okeke

Laxminarayan

et al. 2011

The Lancet Infectious Diseases

783

670

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In much of the world antimicrobial drugs are sold without prescription or oversight by health-care professionals. The scale and effect of this practice is unknown. We systematically reviewed published works about non-prescription antimicrobials from 1970-2009, identifying 117 relevant articles. 35 community surveys from five continents showed that non-prescription use occurred worldwide and accounted for 19-100% of antimicrobial use outside of northern Europe and North America. Safety issues associated with non-prescription use included adverse drug reactions and masking of underlying infectious processes. Non-prescription use was common for non-bacterial disease, and antituberculosis drugs were available in many areas. Antimicrobial-resistant bacteria are common in communities with frequent non-prescription use. In a few settings, control efforts that included regulation decreased antimicrobial use and resistance. Non-prescription antimicrobial and antituberculosis use is common outside of North America and northern Europe and must be accounted for in public health efforts to reduce antimicrobial resistance.

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Effectiveness of a multi-component intervention on dispensing practices at private pharmacies in Vietnam and Thailand—a randomized controlled trial

Cited by 99 publications

References 33 publications

A systematic review of the use of simulated patients and pharmacy practice research

A systematic review of the use of simulated patients and pharmacy practice research

Awareness and Knowledge about Antibiotic Use and Resistance among Students of Northern Border University Saudi Arabia

Non-prescription antimicrobial use worldwide: a systematic review

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